Effectiveness of Lawsonia inermis L. Leaves Methanol Extracts on Gingivitis Healing (In vivo Study on Sprague dawley Rats)

Abstract

Lawsonia inermis L. leaves has been used to healing wound and antibacterial caused of active content like essential oils, steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract showed effective against S. sanguinis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 31.250 µg/mL and no toxic as tested in mice and human gingival fibroblasts. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of L. inermis L. leaves methanol extracts to heal gingivitis in Sprague dawley rats. Forty subjects were divided into group A (n=30) and B (n=10). A group created artificial inflammation in the mandibular labial gingiva with 10% H2O2. Group A was divided into 3 groups of treatment, positive, and negative control groups. Treatment groups were given Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract in 3 concentrations (62.500, 31.250, and 15.625 μg/mL).  Positive and negative control groups were given povidone Iodine 1% and aquabidest respectively. Group B as an healthy rats group was divided into 15.625 μg/mL concentration and aquabidest groups. Histopathological changes were observed on day 3 by the condition of gingival epithelium, epithelial connective tissue relationships, and the distribution of inflammatory cells. Statistic analysis showed no difference in healing between the three concentrations of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract and povidone iodine (α=0.694>0.05) while there were differences among the 3 concentrations. Higher concentration (62.500 µg/mL) can accelerate the inflammatory cells reduction and epithelial connective tissue relationships repair. It was concluded that Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract can heal gingivitis at concentration up to 62.500 µg/mL.