Isolation and Identification of Proteolytic and Lipolytic Bacteria in Cow Dung and Abattoir Effluent from Ekiti General Abattoir, Ekiti State, Nigeria

Abstract

Aims: To isolate and identify bacteria with proteolytic and lipolytic properties from cow dung sample and abattoir effluent. Also, to determine the proteolytic and lipolytic activities of the bacteria isolated and carry out quantitative analysis of the enzymes produced. Place and Duration of Study: Cow dung from the rearing ground and abattoir effluent were collected into sterile conical flasks each from Ekiti State General abattoir, Ado-Ekiti in March 2017 and brought to the laboratory for analysis. Methodology: Serial dilution was carried out on the samples and 1 ml each of the required diluents was dispensed into Petri dishes and nutrient agar added for isolation of bacteria. Biochemical tests were carried out on the isolates for identification. Protease assay was carried out using UV/Visible spectrophotometer at 280 nm while lipase assay was done by simple titration method using Tween 20 as a substrate on the bacterial isolates. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20. Results: Twelve bacterial isolates were obtained from the samples and included Providencia stuartii, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Streptococcus sp had the highest activity for protease assay with value of 766.50±0.707a mg/ml after 24 hours incubation period while the lowest activities were observed for Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus with values of 720.00 ±1.414b mg/ml each and not significantly different. The production of protease by Streptococcus sp was significantly different to that produced by Bacillus cereus; the values were 766.50 ±0.707a and 720.00 ±1.414b mg/ml. For lipase assay, Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest activity with value of 6.0x10-3 ±0.0001a while Escherichia coli recorded the lowest lipase activity of 2.2x10-3±0.007d mg/ml. The production of lipase by Staphylococcus aureus was significantly different to that produced by Escherichia coli; the values were 3.0x10-3± 0.0001c and 2.2x10-3±0.007d mg/ml.  Conclusion: This study showed that bacteria isolated from cow dung and abattoir effluent had the ability to produce protease and lipase enzymes.