Comparative Study of Nutrient Composition of Selected Cucurbit Seeds from Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Cucurbitaceae seeds represent an important but underutilized source of nutrients in West Africa, with potential applications in human and animal nutrition. This study compared the proximate and mineral compositions of four cucurbit seeds—Adenopus breviflorus Benth (ADB), Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin), Cucumeropsis mannii (white melon), and Trichosanthes cucumerina (snake tomato)—cultivated in Ondo State, Nigeria. Seeds were collected from six towns, processed into flours, and analyzed using standard methods for proximate and mineral content. Results revealed that all samples contained high levels of crude protein (28.98–30.88%) and crude fat (49.65–56.41%), classifying them as oilseeds with significant protein contribution. White melon had the highest ash content (5.70%), indicating superior mineral concentration, while ADB recorded the highest fiber (14.80%). Mineral analysis showed notable variability: ADB was rich in zinc (22.01 mg/100 g), iron (14.20 mg/100 g), calcium (122.50 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (171.50 mg/100 g), whereas white melon was highest in magnesium (30.20 mg/100 g), potassium (196.50 mg/100 g), and copper (1.50 mg/100 g). Fluted pumpkin contained the highest calcium (133.20 mg/100 g). Sodium-to-potassium ratios were below 1.0 in all seeds except ADB, indicating potential suitability for hypertensive diets. Overall, the seeds demonstrated promising nutritional potential as alternative protein and oil sources to mitigate food insecurity. Their favorable nutrient profiles suggest applicability in diet formulation, supplementation, and functional food development. Enrichment with sodium may be necessary for fluted pumpkin, white melon, and snake tomato to achieve balanced nutrient intake.