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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Building Soil Health and Fertility through Organic Amendments and Practices: A Review

N. K. Singh, Kushal Sachan, Ranjitha G., Chandana S., Manoj B. P., Narinder Panotra, Drishty Katiyar

Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition · pp. 175–197 · Published 20 Feb 2024

10.9734/ajsspn/2024/v10i1224

Abstract

Soil health and quality are foundational to agricultural sustainability and meeting global food security priorities. However, intensive farming practices have degraded soil ecosystems. Organic amendments and regenerative management practices can restore soil function by overcoming nutritional limitations, improving physical and biological properties, and promoting general soil and crop resilience. This review synthesizes research on major sources of organic soil amendments including animal manures, composts, cover crops, crop residues and living mulches. We describe their multifaceted edaphic and agronomic benefits from providing a slow release bank of macro and micronutrients, increasing soil organic matter, and stimulating beneficial microbial communities. Complementary and synergistic soil building practices are also covered, encompassing conservation tillage techniques like no-till, crop diversification via rotations and intercropping, and agroecological integration of trees and livestock. Although transitioning from degraded conventional systems requires patience as years of soil regeneration are needed to enable high system performance, outcomes consistently show integrated practices that minimize disturbance and maintain living ground cover while leveraging organic inputs can transform the foundation of agricultural systems by enhancing soil ecosystem function. Widespread adoption of this soil health paradigm can thereby enable sustainable intensification and resilience.

Soil quality organic agriculture regenerative farming agroecosystems agricultural sustainability

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