Genetic Diversity Analysis of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) in West Java Region of Indonesia Using RAPD Markers

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was determine the genetic diversity of Annona muricata L. using molecular random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Amplification of genomic DNA of 9 samples using RAPD analysis yielded 57 fragment, of which 30 were polymorphic, with an average of 6 polymorphic fragment per primer. Study Design: The data was analysed with SIMQUAL program of NTSYS-pc (Version 2.02), and similarities between accessions were estimated using the Jaccard’s coefficient calculated as J = A / (N - D), where A is the number of positive matches (that is, presence of band in both samples), D is the number of negative matches (that is, absence of band in both samples) and N is the total sample size including both the number of matches and unmatches. Dendrogram was created from the resultant similarity matrices using the UPGMA method following SAHN function of NTSYS-pc (Version 2.02). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2015. The analysis of genetic diversity was done in the Biochemistry Laboratory and the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Plant II, Agronomy and Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Bogor Agricultural University. Methodology: Plant material from West Java, DNA extraction after that primer screening and DNA amplification.  Data analysis and Electrophoresis of amplified product. Results: The genetic distance was calculated based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient using SIMQUAL program in NTSYS-pc software to clarify the genetic relationships. An UPGMA dendrogram was constructed using NYSYSpc 2.10 software. A clear divergence between the two related species was found from the cluster analysis. Jaccard similarity coefficient of soursop ranged from 0.451 to 0.902 which revealed a wide range of genetic identity. Based on this value it was noticed that the relationship between soursop sample was closely. High similarity coefficient of 0.902 was measured between; the sample GRT3 with CJR2 and CJR3. According to analysis of the Jaccard similarity coefficient, the sample SKB2 with SKB1 had low similarity coefficient (0.451). This indicated that both the accessions were genetically distant. Conclusion: Primary elected to amplify DNA Annona muricata L. produces two main groups. Group A consists of 4 samples (GRT1, CJR1, SKB1, GRT 2) and group B consisted of 5 samples (GRT3, CJR2, CJR3, SKB2, SKB3).`