Zinc in Human Nutrition: An Overview

Abstract

Zinc is an essential trace element crucial for numerous biological processes, including cellular growth, immune function, and enzymatic activities. It plays a significant role in human health, with its deficiency linked to impaired growth, weakened immunity, and increased susceptibility to infections. Zinc is widely distributed in various food sources, including meat, seafood, dairy, and plant-based options such as nuts and legumes. Despite its availability, zinc deficiency remains a global concern, particularly in regions where dietary intake is insufficient. Bioavailability is influenced by dietary components, with inhibitors like phytic acid reducing absorption and enhancers like amino acids improving it. Zinc supplementation and food fortification strategies are critical in addressing deficiency-related health issues. Additionally, zinc has therapeutic implications in immune function, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and mental health. It has also been demonstrated that adequate zinc levels lower the chance of acquiring problems from diabetes with its role in glucose metabolism.  Ensuring adequate zinc intake is essential for optimal health across all life stages.