Aims: This study investigates Saudi EFL learners’ perceptions of the AI-powered chatbot ELSA Speak in developing speaking proficiency, specifically fluency and pronunciation accuracy, and the challenges encountered during chatbot use. Study Design: A qualitative research design g...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1309
Aims: This study examines how persuasion operates in Love’s Philosophy by Percy Bysshe Shelley, engaging current Romantic and rhetorical scholarship that has traditionally read the poem as a celebration of natural unity and mutual desire. Rather than treating the lyric as purely...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1308
The integration of AI technologies into language learning has become increasingly popular, offering new possibilities and challenges. However, the use of AI tools for vocabulary learning in EFL contexts remains underexplored. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1307
Aims: This research conducts an in-depth literary analysis of Manuel E. Arguilla’s "How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife," "A Morning in Nagrebcan," and "Rice." It seeks to analyze how these stories serve as foundations of Afro-Asian literature by exploring their thematic foun...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1306
Cleft constructions are widely used across languages to encode focus in an utterance. The constructions act as the main and central mechanism of marking focus in many languages. The study done in many languages, including Bantu and non-Bantu, noticed macro variation in how clefts...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1305
In the present-day context, climate culture is understood as the narratives (stories), ethics (doctrines), and emotions (affections) that shape how societies comprehend the ecological crisis in the age of the Anthropocene, and this is what literature and the humanities reconstruc...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1304
Morpheme structure conditions (MSCs) are a term used in generative phonology to refer to conditions imposed on the structure of morphemes of language. Makhuwa is a Bantu language spoken in southern Tanzania, mainly in Masasi district, but also in the south-western parts of Nachin...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1302
Teaching Grammar has long been a central and debated issue in English language pedagogy, especially in EFL and ESL contexts, as teachers and learners often face diverse linguistic and instructional challenges. There are many influential approaches to teaching grammar, but the ind...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1303
This study aimed to examine whether reading attitude mediates the relationship between school climate and reading motivation among Junior High School students. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational design was used, and data were collected from 302 respondents through adapted...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1301
Reading difficulties in primary education remain a constant concern in Sri Lanka. Early reading challenges have long-term consequences for academic achievement and educational participation. This article reviews empirical studies that examine the causes of reading difficulties am...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1300
This study examined whether a short, teacher-guided ChatGPT-supported writing module was associated with pre–post improvements in Grade 12 students’ professional email writing performance in an English for Academic and Professional Purposes (EAPP) context. Using a one-group prete...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1299
Aims: This study examines how selected Filipino novels in English represent women’s experiences of prejudice and deprivation within patriarchal and class-stratified contexts. Specifically, it aims to (1) identify recurrent patterns of objectification, gender inequality, sexism, s...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1298
Raw text is the most prevalent form of human language in digital and electronic formats. This research proposes a comprehensive Bangla language processing framework that transitions raw data into structured data and value-added information through clearly defined annotation guide...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1297
Building on earlier discussions of appropriating British, Australasian, and North American (BANA) teaching methodologies in Tertiary, Secondary, and Primary English education (TESEP) contexts, this study critically re-examines the feasibility, limitations, and consequences of met...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1296
Working memory is a fundamental cognitive system that plays a critical role in students’ academic functioning, prompting the development of numerous interventions aimed at enhancing memory capacity and efficiency. This review paper examines effective working memory techniques and...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i1295