Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Three-dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Provides an Excellent Overview over the Pulmonary Vein Anatomy Facilitating Radiofrequency and Cryoablation Procedures
Klaus Kettering, Felix Gramley & Stephan von Bardeleben · Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal · 2017
Background: Catheter of atrial fibrillation is still challenging because of the high degree of variability of the pulmonary vein anatomy. Therefore, 3D imaging systems are frequently used prior to an ablation procedure. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography provides...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/CA/2017/34273