Effects of Structured Exercise Regimen on Balance, Walking Speed and Flexibility in Geriatric Population

Abstract

Background: Age-related declines in balance, flexibility, and walking speed significantly impact functional mobility and increase the risk of falls among older adults. Structured exercise regimens have been identified as effective interventions; however, limited evidence exists on their combined effects of structured exercises on Nigerian geriatric populations. Aims: To evaluate the effects of a 6-week structured exercise regimen on balance, walking speed, and flexibility in geriatric population. Study Design:  An experimental study design. Place and Duration of Study: Physiotherapy/Geriatrics clinic, Federal Medical Center, Owo, Ondo State, A 6 weeks study duration. Methodology: The experimental study involving 40 geriatric patients recruited from geriatric clinic at Federal Medical Centre, Owo, Nigeria. Participants were randomized into experimental and control groups (n=20 each). The experimental group engaged in biweekly 30-minute sessions combining balance, aerobic, strength, and flexibility exercises. The control group received health education without exercise. Assessments included the Berg Balance Scale, timed 6-Meter Walk, and Sit-and-Reach Test at weeks 1, 3, and 6. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results: Participants in exercise group showed significant improvements in balance (p=0.013), flexibility (p=0.013), and walking speed (p=0.013) over six weeks. In comparison with participants in the controls group, the exercise group showed significantly greater improvements in balance (p=0.031) and flexibility (p=0.028). Though walking speed improvements were greater in the exercise group, the between-group difference was however not statistically significant (p=0.133). Clinical Implication: Regular participation in structured exercise regimens significantly improves balance, walking speed, and flexibility in elderly individuals. These enhancements reduce fall risk, promote mobility, and support independent living, making exercise a vital component of geriatric care.