Evaluation of Ameliorative Effects of Phyllantus amarus and Senna alata in Acetaminophen-induced Hepato-nephro Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

Background: Liver and kidney are basic organs in the body because they perform vital functions in the system, the prevention of injury to them is necessary as well as the management of injury on them is vital. P. amarus and S. alata were plants that had been used to protect the liver by traditionalist, but there was no study to evaluate their ameliorative effects on liver and kidney damage and to comparatively identify the one that has more efficacy in managing the organs. Study Design: Experimental Design Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu, Abuja, between February to April 2023. Methods: The hydroethanolic (70%) extract of both plants were obtained by maceration. Experimental animals were divided into 8 groups, group I were given distilled water, group II were given acetaminophen (ACP) only, group III-V were given ACP (850mg/kg) before Phyllantus amarus (PAM) 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, and 900mg/kg respectively while group VI-VIII were given ACP before Senna alata (SA) at same three doses for 14 days. Acetaminophen (850mg/kg) was administered a day after fasting before the extract(s); Gross weighing of the organs was done, and samples for biochemical analysis and organs for histopathological evaluation were collected. Results: P. amarus at all the doses demonstrated ameliorative effects, reducing the weight of the liver at 300mg/kg and 900mg/kg (P≤.01), decreased significantly (P≥.0001) the elevated level of all the parameters (ALP,AST,ALT,BUN,T.BIL) with no visible lesion in the his picture of the organs. S alata significantly decreased (P≥.0001) the biochemical parameters at 300mg/kg Conclusion: The result of this study showed that both plants have ameliorative effects but P. amarus has more ameliorative potentials.