Risk Factors and Visual Outcomes of Presenile Cataracts at a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Uttar Pradesh: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Introduction: Cataract is a major cause of blindness worldwide, with a higher prevalence in developing countries, especially in India. The onset of cataracts at a younger age, known as presenile cataract, is of concern due to its multifactorial aetiology, including genetic, environmental and behavioural factors as well as a longer impact on life. The present study aimed to investigate the factors responsible for presenile cataracts and the visual outcomes in younger adults undergoing cataract surgery. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 292 patients aged 30 to 50 years, who underwent cataract surgery at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Hospital from June 2023 to May 2024. Data on demographic details, cataract type, systemic co-morbidities, family history and risk factors were collected. Visual outcomes were assessed based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) pre- and postoperatively, categorised as good, moderate, or poor. Results: The study found that 40.7% of participants achieved good visual outcomes, 38.4% had moderate outcomes, and 20.8% had poor outcomes. Factors such as smoking, steroid use, and diabetes mellitus were associated with poorer visual outcomes. The presence of a family history of cataracts and certain systemic comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension was linked to worse postoperative recovery. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of systemic comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and family history on the outcomes of cataract surgery in younger adults. Early detection and management of risk factors may improve surgical success and visual recovery in this population.