Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis: Case Report

Abstract

Aims: To describe Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis. Presentation of Case: LPC, 7 years old, male, brown, with no previous comorbidities, was taken to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic of the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Brazil by parents who alleged the presence of bluish-looking lesions in the sclera of the child's right eye since birth. Discussion: Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis is a rare pathology characterized by an increase in the number, size and pigmentation of melanocytes. Its pathophysiological picture is unknown, but it is believed to be due to an alteration in the migration of melanocytes from the neural crest to the epidermis during the embryonic process. This condition can be complicated by glaucoma and uveal melanoma. Gonioscopy is essential in these cases to assess whether there is pigmentation of the trabeculae, so that the propaedeutics of investigation of glaucoma becomes essential in these patients, since 10% of cases can complicate this condition. Conclusions: Congenital Ocular Melanocytosis early in life and the importance of monitoring these patients should be emphasized. Comprehensive tests are important for early detection and treatment, in order to improve the prognosis and avoid more severe consequences than what can happen from melanocytosis.