Enhancement Biochemicals Levels and Improve Histological Tissues of Kidney and Liver Organs for Duckling’s Received Aflatoxin B1 by Using Propolis Extract

Abstract

The aim of the present study was focused to see the effect of propolis as a natural product on duckling’s health when exposed to aflatoxin B1, to enhancement body weight of duckling’s received feed contaminated aflatoxin B1, to enhancement blood function and to improve kidney and liver tissues. The present study show that, birds began to show symptoms of toxicity after 2 weeks. Aflatoxin B1 alone was found to reduce feed efficiency and poor health can cause by an imbalance of nutrients. Abnormalities symptoms were found with all ducklings received aflatoxin B1. These birds showing slow eating, leg paralysis, slow moving as result of loss functional movement, inflammatory edema of the eyelids (affect eyes), hair loss, and changed in the color when compared with control. All ducklings fed 0.018 ng / ml aflatoxin B1 diet had significantly (P < 0.01 & P < 0.05) lower body weight compared with the control group (Un-treated). Whereas, all ducklings received Propolis extracts plus aflatoxin B1 were enhanced and appear comparable to the control. Propolis extract was found improve significantly (P < 0.01 & P < 0.05) all body weight gain of all ducklings in the different treatment groups. On the other hand exposure to aflatoxin B1 can cause several damage to organ systems, increase significantly (P < 0.01 & P < 0.05) all tested biochemical parameter determined as Urea m mol/L, Creatinine mg/dl, SGPT U/L and SGOT U/L compared with un-treated control. Whereas, all ducklings received Propolis extracts plus  aflatoxin B1 were improve all these parameters. In the affected birds metabolic changes lead to enlargement of liver, kidney and spleen as well as decrease in the size of bursa of fabricus as a result, liver is greatly enlarged, yellow and friable (easily broken), fat accumulates inside the cell of liver as clear vacuoles. Data show that enlargement in kidney weight in contaminated groups . Whereas, all ducklings received Propolis extracts plus  aflatoxin B1 were improved and appear comparable to the control. Also, microscopic examination of liver and kidney tissues showing, changes of histopathological tissues with all ducklings received aflatoxin B1. Whereas, all ducklings received Propolis extracts plus  aflatoxin B1 were improved and appear comparable to the control.