Integrated Use of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers Enhances Growth and Yield of Bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Abstract

Okra cultivation demands adequate nutrient supply for optimal vegetative growth, flowering, and fruit yield. The integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilisers has been recognised as an effective strategy to improve soil structure, fertility, and productivity. The study aims to evaluate the effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on the growth and yield of bhendi (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) variety Arka Anamika. The field experiment was conducted at the APHC Farm, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, Kalavai (Vellore), India. The experiment, laid out in a Randomised Block Design with ten treatments and three replications, was carried out under sandy loam soil. The results revealed that the combined application of organic manures and biofertilizers significantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves, branches, and early flowering compared to the control. The treatment T₉ (FYM 6.25 t/ha + Sheep and Goat Manure 1.25 t/ha + Poultry Manure 1.25 t/ha + Vermicompost 1.25 t/ha) recorded maximum growth parameters and yield attributes, including fruit length (12.3 cm), fruit weight (9.2 g), yield per plant (195.6 g), and yield per plot (5.2 kg). The improvement in growth and yield was attributed to enhanced soil fertility, microbial activity, and balanced nutrient availability. The findings emphasise that integrating organic manures and biofertilizers not only improves okra productivity but also promotes sustainable soil health and eco-friendly cultivation practices.