Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Females in Anambra East LGA, Anambra State

Abstract

Aim: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) pose a significant public health concern, especially for pregnant women, as they can lead to serious complications such as anemia, malnutrition, and adverse fetal outcomes. This study investigates the prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Anambra East Local Government Area, Nigeria. Study Design: The study is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: It involved screening of pregnant women receiving antenatal care at government-owned clinics and private health centers in the Anambra East LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria, for a period of 3 months. Methodology: Data were collected from 313 pregnant women using structured questionnaires and laboratory analyses of stool samples. Results: The findings revealed an overall prevalence of 28.4% for IPIs. Notably, Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite, found in 10.2% of the participants, followed by hookworm at 8.6%, Trichuris trichiura at 3.8%, Entamoeba histolytica at 3.5%, and Giardia lamblia at 2.2%. The majority of infected pregnant women experienced light-intensity IPIs, accounting for 20.8% (n=65) of the cases. Several socio-demographic risk factors were associated with IPIs, including being a younger pregnant woman, lacking formal education, and practicing open defecation. The prevalence of IPIs was highest among women who used unsafe sources of drinking water and local toilets. An assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding IPIs among pregnant women revealed that 56.5% were aware of these infections; however, only 29.7% understood the transmission method through contaminated food. Conclusion: The results suggest an urgent need for routine screening and public health interventions focused on improving sanitation and hygiene education, as well as recommending deworming programs during antenatal care.