Awareness of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) among Female Undergraduates in Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, yet global awareness remains low, particularly among young women. The consequences of insufficient PCOS knowledge among female undergraduates extend beyond delayed diagnosis, encompassing inadequate management and potential reproductive health complications. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge and perception of PCOS among female undergraduate students at Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, involving 400 participants selected using the Taro Yamane formula. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 with descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed that only 44.8% of the respondents had ever heard of PCOS, with significant variations across departments (p = 0.002). While 37% correctly identified PCOS as a hormonal disorder, a substantial 59.5% were unable to define the condition. Awareness of risk factors was generally low, with more than half of the students (56.8%) unable to identify any risk factor. Knowledge of symptoms was similarly poor, as 58.8% could not recognize common clinical signs such as menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, acne, or weight gain. Awareness of PCOS complications—including infertility, metabolic disorders, and mental health issues—was also limited, with 61% reporting no knowledge of associated health outcomes. Academic exposure and healthcare professionals were the most common information sources, although many students reported barriers such as a lack of awareness programs. Knowledge gaps were pronounced in non–health disciplines: Public Health and Optometry students consistently outperformed Management and Mass Communication peers across all knowledge domains, reflecting the critical role of formal curriculum exposure. Conclusion: Overall, the study highlights a critical knowledge gap regarding PCOS among female undergraduates. These findings underscore the need for targeted health education interventions to improve early recognition, promote timely health-seeking behaviors, and enhance reproductive health outcomes among young women in university settings.