Occurrence of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Samples in Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotic resistant bacteria are threat to our community and hospital settings. Multi drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphyloccous aureus can cause a wide range of infections, including pneumoniae, urinary tract infection and bacteremia which can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Aims: To study multidrug resistance patterns of K. pneumoniae and S. aureus isolated from clinical (urine and post-operative wound) and environmental (air in hospital environment, market soil and well water) samples in Ondo State. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, between November 2016 and July 2017. Methodology: Collection of all the samples, isolation of K. pneumoniae and S. aureus and antibiotic susceptibility test were carried out using standard microbiological methods. Results: S. aureus and K. pneumoniae counts were observed in Ondo North (wound; 50.20±0.00 ×104cfu) and Ondo central (well water; 42.33 ± 0.03×104cfu/ml) senatorial district respectively. K. pneumoniae recovery rate are; 23(23.71%) from market soil, 20(11.30%) from post-operative wound, 26(10.36%) from urine, 40(38.36%) from market well water and 13 (21.31%) hospital air while S. aureus was most prevalent in post-surgical wound 50 (28.25%). In Ondo north, K. pneumoniae isolates were at least 68% resistant to septrin, chloramphenicol, amoxacillin, and sparfloxacin while in south they were 70% resistant to septrin, chloramphenicol and amoxicillin however, all S. aureus isolates were 100% resistant to amoxicillin and were at least resistant to five different antibiotics. K. pneumoniae isolated from post-operative wound have resistance pattern of Septrin (71%), Chloramphenicol (13%), Amoxacillin (56%) and Sparfloxacin (56%) and in market soil the resistance pattern are; Augumentin (98%), Pefloxacin (99%), Septrin (98%), Chloramphenicol (97%), Gentamicin (100%), Ofloxacin (98%), Amoxacillin (98%), ciprofloxacin (98%), Sparfloxacin (98%) and Streptomycin (100%). All S. aureus isolated from urine samples were 100% resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ceftriazone, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and Gentamicin. Conclusion: Occurrence of these multidrug resistance K. pneumoniae and S. aureus in clinical and environmental samples could result into increase in morbidity and mortality.