Rice Cultivation Practices at Khweng Village, Meghalaya, India

Abstract

This study undertakes an assessment on rice cultivation practices in Khweng village, situated within the Umroi block of Ri Bhoi district, Meghalaya. It examines the rice cultivation practices with the evolving socio-economic pressures and environmental challenges. Through a combination of field surveys, structured interviews, direct field observations, and secondary sources, the research provides comprehensive insights into planting methods, input utilization, yield performance, and marketing practices among rice cultivators in the village. Results reveal a dominance of indigenous rice varieties, manual labor-intensive methods, limited mechanization, and a strong dependence on rain-fed irrigation systems that reflect the local agro-ecological conditions. Despite cultural attachment to traditional practices, farmers face persistent issues such as stagnant yields, price volatility, poor infrastructure, declining soil fertility, and limited institutional support for training or access to credit. The study underscores the need for integrative strategies combining local knowledge with modern agricultural techniques, improved market linkages, and policy interventions tailored to the agro-ecological and socio-cultural realities of the region. The case study of Khweng illustrates a broader challenge to smallholders, where traditional cultivation is increasingly confronted by mechanization of agriculture, climate change, and market forces while continuing to serve as the main source of livelihood and cultural identity. Recommendations include promoting sustainable irrigation, enhancing input efficiency, expanding extension services, introducing adaptive technologies, and fostering cooperative marketing frameworks to ensure the long-term viability and sustainability of rice cultivation in the area.