Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Diarrhoea in Boromo, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Introduction: Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli infections represent a major public health problem, particularly due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance.  This study to assess the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of these Enterobacteriaceae in patients admitted to the Boromo health district in Burkina Faso. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 stool samples were collected from Diarrhoea Patients in Boromo, Burkina Faso and analysed to determine the pathogenic germs. Bacterial strains were identified using standard microbiological methods, and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method (EUCAST). 17 antibiotics with diferent families were tested. Multidrug resistance profiles and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production were also assessed. Results: This study revealed that the population was predominantly female (54%, n=81) and that the most represented age group was children aged 0-5 years (38%, n=57). The results revealed a prevalence of 22% (n=33) for Salmonella spp and 25.3% (n=38) for Escherichia coli. A co-contamination rate of 15.5% (n=11) was observed. The prevalence of the two bacteria as a function of age. The highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was found in children under 5 (36.37%). Conversely, for Escherichia coli, the highest prevalence was found in the 15-65 years (39.47%). Both species showed high resistance profiles, particularly to erythromycin (>90%) and tetracycline (>60%). Multidrug resistance rates of 69.7% for Salmonella spp. and 78.9% for Escherichia coli were recorded. The rate of ESBL-producing strains was 12.7%. High susceptibility was maintained for macrolides (n= 33, 100%) and (n=38, 100%) carbapenems (n= 30, 90,91%) and (n=38, 100%), aminosides (n=31, 93,94%) and (n=35, 92,10%) for Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli respectively. Conclusion: This study confirms the persistence of resistance of these enterobacteria in the hospital setting. Surveillance and antibiotic management measures are needed to preserve therapeutic options and limit the spread of resistant strains.