A Clinical Case Report of Guillain-barre Syndrome in Adult Patient

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an uncommon, acute autoimmune condition affecting the peripheral nervous system, marked by rapidly progressive, symmetrical muscle weakness and loss of deep tendon reflexes. It frequently occurs following an antecedent infectious episode. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of immunomodulatory treatment are critical in limiting disease severity and preventing potentially life-threatening complications. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old male presented with acute onset, gradually progressive weakness beginning in both lower limbs and later involving the upper limbs, accompanied by difficulty in grasping objects and swallowing. The patient also had respiratory symptoms suggestive of a recent infection. Laboratory evaluation revealed leukocytosis with predominant neutrophilia and significantly elevated C-reactive protein levels. Discussion: The diagnosis of Guillain–Barré syndrome was made based on the characteristic clinical presentation supported by laboratory findings. Management included intravenous immunoglobulin therapy administered for five consecutive days, along with supportive care and antibiotic therapy for suspected aspiration pneumonia. The patient showed progressive neurological improvement during treatment. Conclusion: This case underscores the significance of early identification and timely intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, along with a multidisciplinary management approach, in achieving favorable outcomes in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome.