A Paradigm Shift in Agriculture: Using Mushroom Metabolites for Sustainable Plant Disease Control and Crop Health

Abstract

Mushroom-derived metabolites have emerged as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides in managing plant diseases. These bioactive compounds not only enhance plant resistance but also reduce environmental degradation, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This review focuses on the potential applications of lentinan, schizophyllan, GL polysaccharides, and pleurotin (a Pleurotus-derived metabolite) in plant disease management. Lentinan, derived from Lentinula edodes, exhibits significant immunomodulatory properties, triggering systemic resistance in plants against various pathogens. It enhances the production of defense-related enzymes and secondary metabolites, thereby strengthening the plant’s innate immunity. Schizophyllan, extracted from Schizophyllum commune, demonstrates antifungal activity and functions as a biostimulant by reinforcing plant cell walls, which in turn disrupts fungal colonization. Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum have gathered attention for their dual role as biopesticides and growth promoters. These compounds induce systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants, enhancing their ability to withstand microbial attacks while simultaneously improving yield. Similarly, metabolites from Pleurotus species, including phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties by inhibiting the growth of both bacterial and fungal pathogens. Moreover, these metabolites stimulate root development and nutrient absorption, further enhancing plant vigour. The use of mushroom metabolites represents a paradigm shift in plant disease management, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution for global agriculture. Their ability to integrate seamlessly into existing pest management strategies while minimizing ecological impact underscores their potential as key components in the development of next-generation biofungicides. Future research should focus on optimizing extraction techniques, elucidating mechanisms of action, and assessing field-level efficacy to facilitate widespread adoption. This article highlights the potential of mushroom metabolites in fostering a sustainable agricultural future while addressing the challenges associated with chemical dependency in plant disease control.