A Review on Current Status and Future Directions on Sesame Phyllody

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), is an important oilseed crop belongs to Pedaliaceae family and has earned a poetic label ‘Queen of Oilseeds’ due to high quality polyunsaturated fatty acid, which restrains oxidative rancidity. It is one of the first oil crops used in humans. It is extensively farmed and has a mild flavour and a great nutritional content, making it quite popular in the diet. Sesame seeds are high in protein and fats and offer several health advantages. Sesame seeds are high in lignan-like active components, according to a variety of in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as clinical trials. Due to the presence of the natural antioxidants like sesamin, sesamoline and sesamol, sesame oil has good stability. Their effects on human health are many and include antioxidant, blood lipid control, cholesterol reduction, liver and kidney protection, cardiovascular system protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Biotic stresses like the leafhopper (Orosius albicinctus and Hishimonus phycitis) are a significant barrier to raising this crop's yield and productivity. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that sesame aqueous extract is safe for use by animals. In numerous aspects of everyday life, including food, feed, and cosmetics, sesame is utilized as a significant medicinal and edible comparable food. Sesame is being used in an increasing number of health food applications. Unfortunately, there are very few control methods for management of the biotic stresses. Plant resistance is likely one of the more environmentally beneficial management strategies being developed by researchers. Host plant resistance can be a suitable method for pest control within integrated pest management strategies. There is an urgent need to use Indigenous sesame germplasm to build genomic resources to discover genetic variants for genetic enhancement of sesame especially for control of biotic stress. With the help of natural enemies, host plant resistance provides an affordable, workable, and sustainable way to retain fewer insect pests and minimise crop losses. Numerous bacterial, viral, fungal, and phytoplasmal diseases affect sesamum crops. Of all the diseases that damage sesamum, phyllody is a major one that results in large yield losses. In most areas where sesamum is grown, phyllody is a highly significant disease that causes a decline in sesamum yield, particularly in warm climates.