Aging Story of Seeds: The Science behind Seed Deterioration

Abstract

The aging process possess significant challenge to preserve seed integrity and germination capacity under storage. The aging process triggers substantial changes that impact their quality and longevity of seeds. Accelerated aging is a seed vigour test where short-term exposure to high temperature and humidity induces rapid deterioration. Seeds subjected to artificial aging deteriorate at a faster rate than natural aging. Statistical models, like the viability equation, accurately predict seed viability under various storage conditions. Besides traditional germination tests, various advanced biochemical assays and non-destructive techniques are available to evaluate seed aging. Seed aging is mainly due to the accumulation of ROS, often caused by prolonged or improper storage. The primary locations of ROS generation within cells includes respiratory organelles, lipid metabolism organelles, cell membrane and membrane bound oxidases. Mitochondria are severely impacted during seed aging due to their role in ROS production compared to other intracellular organelles. Hormonal regulation govern the degenerative process in seeds prompting senescence followed by seed deterioration. Exposure to microgravity improves the sprouting ability and seedling emergence of degenerated seeds, counteracting aging related effects. Internal antioxidant systems in seeds, consisting of catalyzed and uncatalyzed elements, work to manage oxidative stress levels and prevent oxidative damage. Studying seed storage biology, and the influence of hormones, along with innovative treatments, is crucial. Combined with new treatments and non-invasive methods to predict longevity can improve storage potential for high-quality seeds.