Anthropogenic Impacts on a Honey-Producing Plant in the Kozah Prefecture of Togo: The Case of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce (Rubiaceae)

Abstract

Background: Sarcocephalus latifolius, formerly known as Nauclea latifolia, is a shrub found on moist savanna soils. It typically reaches a height of 3-4 metres and has flexible, drooping branches. The species is also valued by beekeepers and is widely used in traditional medicine across sub-Saharan Africa. The harvesting of plant parts for the treatment of various ailments has contributed to its increasing scarcity and may threaten its survival. Aims: This study assessed anthropogenic pressures on Sarcocephalus latifolius in the Kozah Prefecture of Togo to support its sustainable management. Methodology: A floristic inventory and individual ethnobotanical surveys were conducted. Floristic data were collected through targeted sampling in sites where Sarcocephalus latifolius was present. Survey data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire designed to identify the uses of and threats to the species. A total of 83 respondents from the seven cantons of the Kozah Prefecture were surveyed and selected according to their native language. Results: The inventories identified 148 species belonging to 126 genera and 41 families. The surveys documented 35 specific uses grouped into six categories: medicinal, energy, food, cultural, economic, and fodder uses. Medicinal use was the most prevalent (74.29%), and the root was the most frequently used plant part (54.29%). Knowledge of the species' uses was similar across ethnic groups, sexes, and age groups. The principal threats were the harvesting of plant parts for medicinal purposes, including uprooting and leaf removal, logging for fuelwood, and slash-and-burn agriculture. Conclusion: Measures that promote less destructive harvesting and the sustainable management of this species are therefore required.