Assessing Livelihood Coping Strategies Adopted by Small and Marginal Farmers of Climate-Vulnerable Assam State of India

Abstract

This study examined the livelihood diversifications of small and marginal farmers' households and determinants of livelihood diversification of Assam state of India under climate-vulnerable situations. A sample of 300 marginal and small rural households was obtained from three highly flood-affected districts. The sampling plan adopted some flexibility as the data collection process coincided with the late part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools, the non-parametric chi-square test, and the Simpson Diversification Index. The study indicates that most respondents tried diversifying their livelihood strategies for economic improvement. However, no dominant livelihood strategies were found among the adopted portfolios. Many respondents preferred livestock as a portfolio for livelihood diversification. The study found that respondents with a higher formal education or job card holders under the MGNREG-Act were identified as positive determinants for livelihood diversification. The study proposes increasing the allocation of Job Cards under the MGNREG-Act, given that Job Cards enable cash in hands or establish a consistent provision of substantial cash through different farming programmes. The study also emphasises the introduction of suitable livestock-based livelihood diversification.