Assessment of Sexual Attitudes and Sexual Functions during Pregnancy in Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Southeast Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Sexual attitudes and functions during pregnancy are significant aspects of reproductive health, yet often under-researched, particularly in diverse cultural contexts such as Southeast Nigeria. Objective: To assess sexual attitudes and sexual functions during pregnancy among women attending antenatal clinics in secondary and tertiary health facilities in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between November 2023 and April 2024. The study population included pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a General Hospital and a Teaching hospital in Southeast Nigeria. A sample size of 300 participants was determined using Raosoft software, accounting for a 10% non-response rate. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic information, sexual attitudes (adapted from the Sexual Attitudes Scale), and sexual functions (using the Female Sexual Function Index). Reproductive health experts evaluated the questionnaire's validity and reliability, confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.7. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The study included 300 participants with a majority aged 32-38 (45.33%), married (92%), and having secondary education (65.33%). Sexual attitudes revealed that 49% felt uncomfortable discussing sexual matters with their partners during pregnancy, and 58.67% believed sexual activity during pregnancy was unsafe. Sexual function assessment showed low levels of sexual desire (55.67% rarely felt desire) and a high incidence of discomfort during sexual activity (28.66% sometimes experienced pain). Psychological aspects indicated mixed feelings about body image and self-esteem, with significant support from partners (29.67% extremely supportive). Cultural and societal influences largely viewed sexual activity during pregnancy negatively (33.34% negative or strongly negative). Conclusion: The findings highlight significant concerns regarding sexual attitudes and functions during pregnancy among women in Southeast Nigeria. Cultural, societal, and psychological factors play vital roles, necessitating enhanced communication and education efforts in antenatal care to address these issues.