Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels and Nano Urea Sprays on Growth, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

Abstract

Triticum aestivum, commonly referred to as wheat, is the main component of the human diet. After rice, it is considered the second most important cereal crop in India. Wheat is the most consumed cereal in the world, with about one-third of the world's population depending on it as a staple diet. Growth, yield, and the economic output of a crop are all significantly influenced by nutrients. The growth, yield, and economic yield responses of wheat crops to varying nitrogen levels and foliar nano-urea application are compiled in this review. An essential ingredient for boosting wheat productivity is nitrogen. Therefore, the administration of nitrogen in the form of chemical fertilizer is necessary to increase crop output. It is well recognized that nitrogen fertilizer has an impact on the number of tillers per square meter, spikelet spikes per spike, spike length, and spike number. Crops only use 20–50% of the nitrogen fertilizer that is directly given to the soil; the remaining nitrogen is lost through leaching and denitrification. It takes some effort to minimize these losses because crops only use 20–50% of the nitrogen fertilizer that is physically given to the soil; the remaining nitrogen is lost through denitrification and leaching. Liquid fertilizer is easily applied and is widely accessible. Compared to solid fertilizers, plants receive nutrients sooner when nutrients are applied in liquid form. One effective technique for making nitrogen more accessible to crops is foliar spraying. Nitrogen foliar spraying is also a great way to increase growth and output. The tests' goals were to evaluate how foliar application of nano urea and its combination affected wheat growth, yield, and yield characteristics. Higher nitrogen treatment doses were found to maximize growth characteristics, including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelet’s, spike length, and yield. The growth and yield factor are greatly impacted by the foliar application of nano urea at various stages.