Beneficial Role of Soil Microbiome in Enhancing Crop Productivity, Insight from Recent Study

Abstract

Reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides is the goal of current agricultural practices, which calls for low-input technology to improve food production sustainability and restore ecosystem function. The geochemical cycles and plants function rely heavily on the contributions of the soil biota to many ecosystem endeavours. As a result of interactions between host plants roots and microbes in the rhizosphere, these beneficial microorganisms perform a variety of functions that promote plants growth, such as fixing, mineralizing, solubilizing, and mobilizing nutrients; producing siderophores, antagonistic substances, and antibiotics; and releasing hormones that promote plants growth, such as auxin and gibberellin. Microbes that are vital for agriculture and possess properties that may dissolve iron and zinc can be employed to biofortify micronutrients in various cereal crops. Our capacity to manage soil fertility and create a high-yield food production system will be sustained by our increased understanding of plants-microbe interactions in both natural and agroecosystems. Utilising the microbiome effectively contributes to a safe environment, which benefits human health. In an effort to increase soil productivity and fertility for future generations, soil microbiologists are working to analyse the diversity of soil niches and then try to characterise the roles of these soil residents at trophic levels.