Herbal Remedy Use during Pregnancy: A Phenomenological Study in Sagnarigu Municipality, Ghana

Abstract

Introduction: The use of herbal remedies during pregnancy remains a prevalent practice in many African communities, particularly in northern Ghana, where cultural traditions strongly influence healthcare decisions. Despite its widespread use, limited qualitative research exists on women's lived experiences with herbal medicine during pregnancy.  Aim: This study explored the motivations, perceptions, and decision-making processes of pregnant women using herbal remedies in Sagnarigu Municipality, Ghana.  Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews with nine pregnant women selected via purposive and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke's framework to identify key patterns and themes.  Results: Participants (aged 20-38) represented diverse educational and occupational backgrounds. The study participants comprised pregnant women aged 20-38 years with diverse educational backgrounds and occupations, including farmers, traders, seamstresses, and healthcare workers. Most participants were Muslim. Commonly used herbal remedies included neem leaf decoctions, bitter leaf extracts, guava leaf tea, and traditional herbal mixtures prepared by healers. Four key themes emerged from the analysis: First, participants strongly emphasized herbal use's cultural and spiritual significance, describing it as both a health practice and cultural obligation typically initiated by female elders. Second, women consistently reported perceived benefits, particularly for enhancing energy and preventing pregnancy complications. Third, knowledge about herbal remedies was primarily acquired through intergenerational transmission from mothers and grandmothers, though some women also consulted traditional healers. Fourth, while some participants experienced mild adverse effects like dizziness, most continued using herbs alongside antenatal care without disclosing this to healthcare providers. Conclusion: Herbal remedy use in pregnancy is deeply embedded in cultural identity and community practices in Sagnarigu. The findings highlight the need for healthcare systems to develop culturally sensitive approaches that acknowledge traditional practices while promoting safe, integrated maternal care.