Chemistry of Phorbol Ester Toxicity in Jatropha curcas Seed – a Review
A. Wakandigara, L. R. M. Nhamo, J. Kugara
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review · pp. 146–161 · Published 3 May 2013
10.9734/IJBCRR/2013/2956Abstract
The toxicity of Jatropha curcas seeds emanates mainly from phorbol esters. It is known that the seeds are a valuable source of oil, which can be used to produce biodiesel. The cake generated as a by-product, after oil pressing is a protein-rich potential stock for animal feed. Researchers, the world over, have studied these phorbol esters and investigated ways of improving the applications of the seed meal. This review paper outlines the previous research done on the Jatropha curcas plant, the toxicity of phorbol esters and the efforts made to detoxify the seed. It also highlights the knowledge gaps concerning the chemistry of phorbol ester toxicity and the probable areas of future research.
References (68)
- 1 Studies and Perspectives of Protein Kinase C [DOI]
- 2 Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters. [DOI]
- 3 An evaluation of multipurpose oil seed crop for industrial uses (Jatropha curcas L.): A review [DOI]
- 4 Recent process developments in solid-state fermentation [DOI]
- 5 Phorbol Esters: Structure, Biological Activity, and Toxicity in Animals [DOI]
- 6 Chemical composition, toxic/antimetabolic constituents, and effects of different treatments on their levels, in four provenances of L. from Mexico [DOI]
- 7 Comparative evaluation of non-toxic and toxic varieties of Jatropha curcas for chemical composition, digestibility, protein degradability and toxic factors [DOI]
- 8 Jatropha curcas, a promising crop for the generation of biodiesel and value‐added coproducts [DOI]
- 9 Towards domestication ofJatropha curcas [DOI]
- 10 Novel 12-Deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol Diesters Isolated from the Seed Oil of Jatropha curcas [DOI]
- 11 Jatropha Diterpenes: a Review [DOI]
- 12 Irritant phorbol derivatives from four Jatropha species [DOI]
- 13 Edible provenances of Jatropha curcas from Quintana Roo state of Mexico and effect of roasting on antinutrient and toxic factors in seeds [DOI]
- 14 Toxic activities of the plant Jatropha curcas against intermediate snail hosts and larvae of schistosomes [DOI]
- 15 Toxicological studies on ratanjyot oil [DOI]
- 16 Effects of phorbol esters in carp (Cyprinus carpio L).
- 17 A new tumor promoter from the seed oil of Jatropha curcas L., an intramolecular diester of 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol.
- 18 Antifungal activities of ethanolic extract from Jatropha curcas seed cake [DOI]
- 19 Toxicity of Jatropha curcas for goats [DOI]
- 20 Degradation of phorbol esters by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA during solid-state fermentation of deoiled Jatropha curcas seed cake [DOI]
- 21 Current situation and prospects of Jatropha curcas as a multipurpose tree in China [DOI]
- 22 Toxic effects of Jatropha curcas in mice [DOI]
- 23 Biochemical and nutritional evaluation of Jatropha protein isolate prepared by steam injection heating for reduction of toxic and antinutritional factors [DOI]
- 24 Effects of Jatropha curcas on Calves [DOI]
- 25 Detoxification and anti-nutrients reduction of Jatropha curcas seed cake by Bacillus fermentation [DOI]
- 26 Toxic Compound, Anti-Nutritional Factors and Functional Properties of Protein Isolated from Detoxified Jatropha curcas Seed Cake [DOI]
- 27 Quality of Biodiesel Prepared from Phorbol Ester Extracted Jatropha curcas Oil [DOI]
- 28 Effect of Processing Method on Phorbol Esters Concentration, Total Phenolics, Trypsin Inhibitor Activity and the Proximate Composition of the Zimbabwean Jatropha curcas Provenance: A Potential Livestock Feed [DOI]
- 29 Localisation of antinutrients and qualitative identification of toxic components in Jatropha curcas seed [DOI]
- 30 Highly lipophilic phorbol esters as inhibitors of specific [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding.
- 31 Phorbol esters and neurotransmitter release: more than just protein kinase C? [DOI]
- 32 Nonpromoting 12-deoxyphorbol 13-esters inhibit phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced tumor promotion in CD-1 mouse skin.
- 33 13C-NMR Data of Three Important Diterpenes Isolated from Euphorbia Species [DOI]
- 34 The potential of white‐rot fungi to degrade phorbol esters of Jatropha curcas L. seed cake [DOI]
- 35 Influences of incorporating detoxifiedJatropha curcaskernel meal in common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) diet on the expression of growth hormone‐ and insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐encoding genes [DOI]
- 36 Ozone for phorbol esters removal from Egyptian Jatropha oil seed cake.
- 37 Are Jatropha curcas phorbol esters degraded by rumen microbes? [DOI]
- 38 The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate and regulatory diacylglycerols are substrates for the same carboxylesterase. [DOI]
- 39 Inter- and Intramolecular Reductive Coupling Reactions: An Approach to the Phorbol Skeleton [DOI]
- 40 Phorbol esters stimulate the phosphorylation of receptors for insulin and somatomedin C. [DOI]
- 41 Phorbol esters stimulate DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermal cell cultures [DOI]
- 42 Nonfood uses of plants in Usambara [DOI]
- 43 The identification of phorbolol myristate acetate as a new metabolite of phorbol myristate acetate in mouse skin.
- 44 The 65-kDa phorbol-diester hydrolase in mouse plasma is esterase 1 and is immunologically distinct from the 56-kDa phorbol-diester hydrolase in mouse liver. [DOI]
- 45 12-O-Acetylphorbol-13-decanoate Potently Inhibits Cytopathic Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1(HIV-1), without Activation of Protein Kinase C. [DOI]
- 46 Two esters of synadenol, a new lathyrane diterpenoid, from the latex of Synadenium compactum(Euphorbiaceae): a crystal structure analysis [DOI]
- 47 A Comparison of the Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Industrially Processed Zimbabwean Jatropha curcas and Glycine max Meals [DOI]
- 48 Occurrence of storage fungi in jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds. [DOI]
- 49 Regulation of protein kinase C activity by lipids [DOI]
- 50 Development and Evaluation of an Efficient Process for the Detoxification of Jatropha Oil and Meal [DOI]
- 51 Protein concentrate from Jatropha curcas screw‐pressed seed cake and toxic and antinutritional factors in protein concentrate [DOI]
- 52 Detoxification experiments with the seed oil from Jatropha curcas L. [DOI]
- 53 Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats [DOI]
- 54 Why do Euphorbiaceae tick as medicinal plants? A review of Euphorbiaceae family and its medicinal features [DOI]
- 55 Toxicity of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters in mice [DOI]
- 56 Removal and Degradation of Phorbol Esters during Pre‐treatment and Transesterification of Jatropha curcas Oil [DOI]
- 57 Protein kinase C as a possible receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. [DOI]
- 58 Optimization of conditions for the extraction of phorbol esters from Jatropha oil [DOI]
- 59 Solid state fermentation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake: Proximate composition and antinutritional components [DOI]
- 60 Nutritional quality of Jatropha curcas seeds and effect of some physical and chemical treatments on their antinutritional factors [DOI]
- 61 Biodegradation of Jatropha curcas phorbol esters in soil [DOI]
- 62 Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Jatropha Curcas Plant against Some Selected Microorganisms [DOI]
- 63 Phorbol ester as toxic constituents of tropical Jatropha curcas seed oil
- 64 Potential of Jatropha Curcas in Improving Smallholder Farmers' Livelihoods in Zimbabwe: An Exploratory Study of Makosa Ward, Mutoko District
- 65 Three Stage Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin—Recent Results and Present Status of an Advanced Model System of Chemical Carcinogenesis [DOI]
- 66 Preparation of retinoic acid esters of phorbol derivatives. [DOI]
- 67 The chemistry-medicine continuum: Synthetic, computer, spectroscopic and biological studies on new chemotherapeutic leads [DOI]
- 68 Traditional wisdom confirmed by scientific research: Jatropha species from Mexico is non-toxic [DOI]
Cited by 27
Yadessa Gonfa Keneni, Legesse Adane Bahiru, Jorge Mario Marchetti · BioEnergy Research · 2020
Esteban Díaz-Jiménez, Roger Moya · Waste and Biomass Valorization · 2022
Arnold V. Hallare, Paulo Lorenzo S. Ruiz, J. C. Earl D. Cariño · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · 2014
J. Langrand, C. Médernach, C. Schmitt · Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique · 2015
Xinyuan Cao, Xiaoyang Wei, Yuanyuan Shao · Toxicology Reports · 2025
Megha Pant, Saurabh Dubey, Eldho Varghese · Waste and Biomass Valorization · 2017
Cândida Rita de Barros, Luís Miguel Mendes Ferreira, Irene Fraga · Fermentation · 2024
F.J. Fawole, N.P. Sahu, N. Shamna · Aquaculture Nutrition · 2018
S S PATIL, K SHARMA, NARAYAN DUTTA · The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences · 2015
Purabi Mazumdar, Pooja Singh, Subramanian Babu · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · 2018
Showing 11 of 27 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.
Related research
- Liver Profile of Artemether-lumefantrine-tinidazole in Healthy and Parasitized Mice — shares topic coverage
- Detection of Multiple Cry Genes in Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated from Different Soil Types in Zaria — shares topic coverage
- Bioavailability and Toxicity of Plastic Contaminants to Soil and Soil Bacteria — shares topic coverage
- Botulinum Toxin: A Friend or an Enemy? — shares topic coverage
- Inhibitory Effects of Phenolic Monomers on Methanogenesis in Anaerobic Digestion — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
63
Page views
0
PDF downloads
19
Outbound clicks
27
Citations
Views over time
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.