Chitosan Nanoparticles as Biocompatible Tool in Agriculture

Abstract

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are gaining attention in agriculture due to their sustainable properties and multifunctional applications. Derived from chitin, a naturally abundant polymer found in the shells of crustaceans, these nanoparticles, exhibit biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity, making them suitable for enhancing agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact. Production of chitosan from crustacean shell generally consists of four basic steps viz., demineralization, deproteinization, decolouration, and deacetylation. Coupling nanotechnology with chitosan enhances the efficacy and reduces wastage due to their small size and high surface area. When reduced to nanoparticle size, chitosan demonstrates enhanced bioactivity, making it an effective tool in sustainable agricultural practices. CNPs are utilized in various applications such as plant growth promotion, pest control, disease management, and soil health improvement.