Assessment of Cardiovascular Function in Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus Induced Rats Treated with Black Seed (Nigella sativa) Oil

Abstract

Diabetic periodontitis and diabetes worsen cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of morbidity and death globally. Although Nigella sativa (NS) oil has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic qualities, little is known about how well it can treat periodontitis and diabetes-related cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine, in a rat model of diabetes and periodontitis, the effects of intraperitoneal injection of Nigella sativa oil on heart function. Eight groups of six rats each were made from forty-eight Wistar rats as follows: Rats in Group I were fed regular rat chow without restriction (Control). NS oil is in Group II. Diabetes without treatment is in Group III. Group IV: NS oil following the onset of diabetes. Group V is untreated periodontitis. Group VI: administration of NS oil subsequent to induction of periodontitis. Group VIII: NS oil following the introduction of diabetes and periodontitis, and Group VII: diabetes and periodontitis without therapy. The polygraph was used to measure the heart rate, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). The results of these measurements were used to calculate the rate pressure product (RPP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). In order to estimate the quantity of antioxidant enzymes and troponin I, blood samples and heart tissue were obtained. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in SBP, DBP, MABP, and HR between the treated and control groups. In addition, it was noted that the animals' development of diabetes and periodontitis significantly raised their troponin I levels, an indication of heart injury, but that the effects of N. sativa oil treatment mitigated this effect when compared to the control group. The group with diabetes and periodontitis had higher levels of malondialdehyde, indicating the existence of accelerated lipid peroxidation, and decreased antioxidant activity of glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. On the other hand, the treatment with N. sativa oil decreased the increased MDA levels, indicating a decrease in lipid peroxidation. Additionally, levels of GSH, CAT, and SOD increased, confirming its potent antioxidant action. The results of this investigation demonstrated that giving Nigella sativa oil to rats with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus ameliorates their cardiovascular dysregulation.