Comparative Analysis of the Trends of Ownership Pattern Based on Intersectionality of Gender and Social Categorization in Karnataka, India

Abstract

Accessing land ownership in India faces some challenges including among others tenancy, land markets, and same with limited women's access. Despite farm women's proficiency in agriculture and household management, gender disparities persist, restricting resource access. Against this background, this paper examined ownership trends in Karnataka by utilizing gender-segregated data from the past five agricultural documented records. The findings show that over times, operational holdings and farming areas operated by women increased, contrasting with a decline among men. Although the total average area decreased, women still held smaller plot portions. Examining social categories, the paper noted a higher participation by women in scheduled caste land holdings, though their plot sizes remain smaller compared to scheduled tribe women. Similarly, among social classes, more women own land in the marginal and small farmer categories, indicating a growing interest in land ownership. This reflects women's proficiency in succession acts. Male agricultural land holdings declined due to urbanization and labour shortages. Farm women's participation in land ownership in Karnataka is higher among India. While the data shows a positive trend with increasing female-owned holdings, a noticeable gap persists in average holding sizes, indicating gender-related inequalities. The paper addressed gender disparities in agriculture, citing social stigma and a lack of legal knowledge as barriers. Therefore, empowering women farmers is crucial, and policy interventions facilitating land, credit, and resource access are essential for balance and sustainable agricultural development.