Cost and Income Structure of Maize Cultivation in Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop with significant economic and nutritional value in India. The present study was conducted to estimate the cost of cultivation and profitability of maize production in Chhindwara district. Primary data were collected from 90 sample farmers comprising 30 small, 30 medium, and 30 large farmers through a pre-tested interview schedule for the agricultural year 2023–24. The study revealed that the total cost of cultivation (Cost C3) was highest on large farms (₹116,351.86/ha), followed by medium farms (₹107,961.91/ha), and lowest on small farms (₹99,795.05/ha). The average gross income from maize cultivation was ₹160,800.68/ha, which was maximum on large farms (₹167,154.98/ha.) and minimum on small farms (₹154,706.99/ha.). The average net income, farm business income, family labour income, and farm investment income were estimated at ₹52,764.41/ha., ₹93,597.80/ha., ₹65,752.55/ha., and ₹90,481.13/ha., respectively. The benefit–cost ratio was highest on small and medium farms (1:1.5) compared to large farms (1:1.4). The study concluded that although large farms generated higher output and gross returns, small farms were relatively more efficient in terms of profitability. The findings suggest the need for policy interventions aimed at improving access to quality seed, balanced fertilizer use, irrigation facilities, credit support, and extension services, particularly for small and medium farmers. Strengthening farmer training programmes on improved production technologies and promoting efficient resource utilization may further enhance maize productivity and profitability in the district. Additionally, government support through price stabilization measures, crop insurance, and mechanization subsidies could help reduce production risks and improve the economic sustainability of maize cultivation.