Cytomorphological Spectrum, Prevalence and Awareness of Abnormal Cervical Smears in Sokoto State Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is an important global health problem and, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The distribution of cervical cancer differs across the world, with more than 85% of deaths occurring in developing regions. The incidence of cervical cancer in developing countries is approximately four to six times that of developed countries. Over 90% of the highest incidence rates of cervical cancer occur in sub-Saharan Africa. This high incidence is also related to the limited screening techniques and strategies used. Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the cytomorphological spectrum, prevalence and awareness of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was utilized and a convenience sampling technique was employed to enlist female participants aged between 15 and 98 years old. The total sample size was determined to be162 samples. The state was home to a variety of ethnic groups, including Hausa/Fulani, Gobirawa, Zabarmawa, Kabawa, Arawa, Nupe, Yoruba, IBO's, and others Results: Out of 162 cervical smears screened, 128 (79.0%) were found to be normal, 24 (14.8%) were abnormal, 7 (4.3%) were inadequate, and 3 (1.9%) were classified as acellular cervical smears. The awareness level of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis was found to be 77.9%. Conclusion: The study established a low prevalence(14.8%) and high level of awareness (77.9%) of abnormal cervical smears in Sokoto metropolis..