Conducting Polymers in Solar Cells: Insights, Innovations, and Challenges

References (154)

1. 1 Khan, M.M.K., Azad, A.K., and Oo, A.M.T. (2024). Chapter 4—Hydrogen production from municipal solid waste using gasification method. Hydrogen Energy Conversion and Management, Elsevier.
2. 2 Bosch, 2018, Temporally explicit and spatially resolved global offshore wind energy potentials [DOI]
3. 3 Thaker, 2018, Wind farms have cascading impacts on ecosystems across trophic levels [DOI]
4. 4 Zarfl, C., Berlekamp, J., He, F., Jähnig, S.C., Darwall, W., and Tockner, K. (2019). Future large hydropower dams impact global freshwater megafauna. Sci. Rep., 9. [DOI]
5. 5 Idroes, 2024, Economic growth and environmental impact: Assessing the role of geothermal energy in developing and developed countries [DOI]
6. 6 Odzijewicz, J.I., Wołejko, E., Wydro, U., Wasil, M., and Jabłońska-Trypuć, A. (2022). Utilization of ashes from biomass combustion. Energies, 15. [DOI]
7. 7 Kabir, 2018, Solar energy: Potential and future prospects [DOI]
8. 8 Soonmin, H., Nandi, P., Mwankemwa, B.S., Malevu, T.D., and Malik, M.I. (2023). Overview on different types of solar cells: An update. Appl. Sci., 13. [DOI]
9. 9 Pastuszak, J., and Węgierek, P. (2022). Photovoltaic cell generations and current research directions for their development. Materials, 15. [DOI]
10. 10 Saranya, 2015, Developments in conducting polymer based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells—An overview [DOI]
11. 11 Aldamasy, 2021, Challenges in tin perovskite solar cells [DOI]
12. 12 Shi, Z., and Jayatissa, A.H. (2018). Perovskites-based solar cells: A review of recent progress, materials and processing methods. Materials, 11. [DOI]
13. 13 Devadiga, 2021, Dye-sensitized solar cell for indoor applications: A mini-review [DOI]
14. 14 Yu, 2024, Self-assembled molecules with asymmetric backbone for highly stable binary organic solar cells with 19.7 % efficiency [DOI]
15. 15 Green, 2024, Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 63) [DOI]
16. 16 Li, 2024, Diamine chelates for increased stability in mixed Sn–Pb and all-perovskite tandem solar cells [DOI]
17. 17 Ren, 2023, Hydroxamic acid pre-adsorption raises the efficiency of cosensitized solar cells [DOI]
18. 18 Mozaffari, 2017, An overview of the challenges in the commercialization of dye sensitized solar cells [DOI]
19. 19 Rahman, 2023, Research on dye sensitized solar cells: Recent advancement toward the various constituents of dye sensitized solar cells for efficiency enhancement and future prospects [DOI]
20. 20 Park, 2023, Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides [DOI]
21. 21 Venkatesan, 2023, Dye-sensitized solar cells with efficiency over 36% under ambient light achieved by cosensitized tandem structure [DOI]
22. 22 Kim, 2023, Record indoor performance of organic photovoltaics with long-term stability enabled by self-assembled monolayer-based interface management [DOI]
23. 23 Dong, 2021, Lycopene-Based Bionic Membrane for Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics [DOI]
24. 24 Qiu, C., Wu, Y., Song, J., Wang, W., and Li, Z. (2022). Efficient planar perovskite solar cells with ZnO electron transport layer. Coatings, 12. [DOI]
25. 25 Sum, 2014, Advancements in perovskite solar cells: Photophysics behind the photovoltaics [DOI]
26. 26 Jung, 2015, Perovskite solar cells: From materials to devices [DOI]
27. 27 Fujiwara, 2018, Optical characteristics and operational principles of hybrid perovskite solar cells [DOI]
28. 28 Arsyad, 2014, General working principles of CH3NH3PbX3 perovskite solar cells [DOI]
29. 29 Hsiao, 2015, Fundamental physics behind high-efficiency organo-metal halide perovskite solar cells [DOI]
30. 30 Olabi, A.-G. (2022). Influence of nanostructures in perovskite solar cells. Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, Elsevier.
31. 31 Gupta, R.K. (2022). Conjugated Polymers as Organic Electrodes for Photovoltaics. Organic Electrodes: Fundamental to Advanced Emerging Applications, Springer International Publishing.
32. 32 Wei, 2014, A review on PEDOT-based counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
33. 33 Theerthagiri, 2015, Recent progress in non-platinum counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
34. 34 Noman, 2024, A comprehensive review on the advancements and challenges in perovskite solar cell technology [DOI]
35. 35 Prajapat, K., Dhonde, M., Sahu, K., Bhojane, P., Murty, V.V.S., and Shirage, P.M. (2023). The evolution of organic materials for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. J. Photochem. Photobiol. C, 55. [DOI]
36. 36 Magdalena, J. (2017). Theoretical studies of titanium dioxide for dye-sensitized solar cell and photocatalytic reaction. Titanium Dioxide, IntechOpen. Chapter 10.
37. 37 Schuster, 2015, Plasmonic and diffractive nanostructures for light trapping—An experimental comparison [DOI]
38. 38 Ding, 2023, An overview of the preparation and application of counter electrodes for DSSCs [DOI]
39. 39 Yip, 2012, Recent advances in solution-processed interfacial materials for efficient and stable polymer solar cells [DOI]
40. 40 Duan, 2020, Progress in stability of organic solar cells [DOI]
41. 41 Sudhakar, Y.N., Selvakumar, M., and Bhat, D.K. (2018). Chapter 4—Biopolymer electrolytes for solar cells and electrochemical cells. Biopolymer Electrolytes, Elsevier. [DOI]
42. 42 Abdulrazzaq, 2013, Organic solar cells: A review of materials, limitations, and possibilities for improvement [DOI]
43. 43 Hou, W., Xiao, Y., Han, G., and Lin, J.-Y. (2019). The applications of polymers in solar cells: A review. Polymers, 11. [DOI]
44. 44 Ahn, 2017, Conducting polymers as anode buffer materials in organic and perovskite optoelectronics [DOI]
45. 45 Girish, 2022, Role of conducting polymers in enhancing the stability and performance of perovskite solar cells: A brief review
46. 46 Jiang, X., Yu, Z., Zhang, Y., Lai, J., Li, J., Gurzadyan, G.G., Yang, X., and Sun, L. (2017). High-performance regular perovskite solar cells employing low-cost poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) as a hole-transporting material. Sci. Rep., 7. [DOI]
47. 47 Gupta, R.K. (2021). Conducting Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications. Conducting Polymers for Advanced Energy Applications, CRC Press. [1st ed.]. [DOI]
48. 48 Machida, 2022, Electrochemical investigation of PEDOT counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
49. 49 Damasceno, 2021, Conductive ink based on PEDOT nanoparticles dispersed in water without organic solvents, passivant agents or metallic residues [DOI]
50. 50 Pradhan, 2021, Effect of thickness on charge transfer properties of conductive polymer based PEDOT counter electrodes in DSSC [DOI]
51. 51 Erazo, 2023, Tailoring the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer by electrodeposition method to improve perovskite solar cells [DOI]
52. 52 Li, 2020, An all-solid-state lamellar-nanostructured polymer electrolyte in-situ-prepared from smectic liquid crystal for thermally stable dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
53. 53 Yasmeen, 2023, Quasi-solid polyaniline/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) blend electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
54. 54 Gu, 2022, In-Situ polymerization of PEDOT in perovskite thin films for efficient and stable photovoltaics [DOI]
55. 55 Zhang, L., Xing, X., Zheng, L., Chen, Z., Xiao, L., Qu, B., and Gong, Q. (2014). Vertical phase separation in bulk heterojunction solar cells formed by in situ polymerization of fulleride. Sci. Rep., 4. [DOI]
56. 56 Hasanzadeh, 2015, Novel conducting nanocomposite based on polypyrrole and modified poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) via emulsion polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, and heavy metal sorbent activity [DOI]
57. 57 Zappia, 2018, Water-processable amphiphilic low band gap block copolymer:fullerene blend nanoparticles as alternative sustainable approach for organic solar cells [DOI]
58. 58 Valtera, 2017, Dye-stimulated control of conducting polypyrrole morphology [DOI]
59. 59 Maity, N., and Dawn, A. (2020). Conducting polymer grafting: Recent and key developments. Polymers, 12. [DOI]
60. 60 Truong, 2021, A comparison of RAFT and ATRP methods for controlled radical polymerization [DOI]
61. 61 Osakada, K. (2014). Cross-Coupling Polymerization. Organometallic Reactions and Polymerization, Springer. [DOI]
62. 62 Chakraborty, 2023, Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C−H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers [DOI]
63. 63 Jiang, 2018, Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling polymerization: A new access to cross-conjugated polymers with modifiable structure and tunable optical/conductive properties [DOI]
64. 64 Amna, 2023, Pd/Cu-catalyzed sonogashira cross-coupling polycondensation: A promising approach for synthesizing conjugated polymers with useful applications [DOI]
65. 65 Howe, 2017, From click chemistry to cross-coupling: Designer polymers from one efficient reaction [DOI]
66. 66 Pouliot, 2016, Direct (hetero)arylation polymerization: Simplicity for conjugated polymer synthesis [DOI]
67. 67 Bura, 2016, Direct (hetero)arylation polymerization: Trends and perspectives [DOI]
68. 68 Yang, 2018, Cross-coupling polycondensation via C–O or C–N bond cleavage [DOI]
69. 69 Xu, 2014, Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the synthesis of organic electronic materials [DOI]
70. 70 Schroot, 2016, Poly(n-alkyl-3,6-carbazole)s via Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization: Impact of metal–halogen exchange [DOI]
71. 71 Cheng, 2021, Improving the Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization with water-scavenging grignard reagents [DOI]
72. 72 Hardeman, 2017, Synthesis of conjugated copolymers by combining different coupling reactions [DOI]
73. 73 Stefan, 2012, Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization for the synthesis of conjugated block copolymers containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) [DOI]
74. 74 Wu, 2017, Counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
75. 75 Wang, 2013, In situ growth of oriented polyaniline nanowires array for efficient cathode of Co(III)/Co(II) mediated dye-sensitized solar cell [DOI]
76. 76 Lee, 2019, Application of polypyrrole/sodium dodecyl sulfate/carbon nanotube counter electrode for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
77. 77 Chen, 2015, Polypyrrole Shell@3D-Ni metal core structured electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors [DOI]
78. 78 Hwang, 2014, Ultrathin polypyrrole nanosheets doped with HCl as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
79. 79 Torabi, 2014, Dye-sensitized solar cells based on porous conjugated polymer counter electrodes [DOI]
80. 80 Bora, 2015, Polythiophene/graphene composite as a highly efficient platinum-free counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
81. 81 Zhang, 2018, Synthesis and application of poly(bis-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methine)s as novel counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
82. 82 Naresh, 2019, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated lead negative plates for hybrid energy storage systems [DOI]
83. 83 Zhang, 2012, The combination of a polymer–carbon composite electrode with a high-absorptivity ruthenium dye achieves an efficient dye-sensitized solar cell based on a thiolate–disulfide redox couple [DOI]
84. 84 Neeraja, 2024, Efficient counter electrode of MoS2-GO/PEDOT:PSS for platinum-free, high performance dye sensitized solar cells [DOI]
85. 85 Vlachopoulos, 2021, Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using polymeric hole conductors [DOI]
86. 86 Sangwan, 2023, Modified poly(vinyl alcohol) based polymer electrolyte for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [DOI]
87. 87 Raut, P., Kishnani, V., Mondal, K., Gupta, A., and Jana, S.C. (2022). A review on gel polymer electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Micromachines, 13. [DOI]
88. 88 Chowdhury, 2020, Impact of tetrabutylammonium, iodide and triiodide ions conductivity in polyacrylonitrile based electrolyte on DSSC performance [DOI]
89. 89 Manikandan, K., Yelilarasi, A., Saravanakumar, S., Althomali, R.H., Khan, A., Abualnaja, K.M., Alhashmialameer, D., and Hussein, M. (2021). The effect of plasticizers on the polypyrrole-poly(vinyl alcohol)-based conducting polymer electrolyte and its application in semi-transparent dye-sensitized solar cells. Membranes, 11. [DOI]
90. 90 Tarannum, 2017, Synthesis of organic sulfobetaine-based polymer gel electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell application [DOI]
91. 91 Fang, 2011, Low-bandgap donor−acceptor conjugated polymer sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
92. 92 Liu, 2008, Anionic benzothiadiazole containing polyfluorene and oligofluorene as organic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
93. 93 Giri, 2020, Diketopyrrolopyrrole/perylene-diimide and thiophene based D-π-A low bandgap polymer sensitizers for application in dye sensitized solar cells [DOI]
94. 94 Kim, 2003, Efficient light harvesting polymers for nanocrystalline TiO2 photovoltaic cells [DOI]
95. 95 Senadeera, 2005, Photosensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2 films by a polymer with two carboxylic groups, poly (3-thiophenemalonic acid) [DOI]
96. 96 Senadeera, 2003, Fabrication of highly efficient polythiophene-sensitized metal oxide photovoltaic cells [DOI]
97. 97 Ohshita, 2008, Attachment of disilanylene–oligothienylene polymers on TiO2 surface by photochemical cleavage of the Si–Si bonds [DOI]
98. 98 Mwaura, 2006, Spectral broadening in nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells based on poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) and polythiophene sensitizers [DOI]
99. 99 Marques, 2019, Perovskite solar cells based on polyaniline derivatives as hole transport materials [DOI]
100. 100 Jha, 2023, Solution processable polypyrrole nanotubes as an alternative hole transporting material in perovskite solar cells [DOI]
101. 101 Kegelmann, 2019, Mixtures of dopant-free Spiro-OMeTAD and water-free PEDOT as a passivating hole contact in perovskite solar cells [DOI]
102. 102 Lim, 2016, Self-doped conducting polymer as a hole-extraction layer in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells [DOI]
103. 103 Rai, 2024, Ester-functionalized polythiophene interlayers for enhanced performance and stability of perovskite solar cells [DOI]
104. 104 Gatti, 2016, Boosting perovskite solar cells performance and stability through doping a poly-3(hexylthiophene) hole transporting material with organic functionalized carbon nanostructures [DOI]
105. 105 Nia, 2017, High-efficiency perovskite solar cell based on poly(3-hexylthiophene): Influence of molecular weight and mesoscopic scaffold layer [DOI]
106. 106 Ren, 2021, Interface modification of an electron transport layer using europium acetate for enhancing the performance of P3HT-based inorganic perovskite solar cells [DOI]
107. 107 Duan, 2024, DTBDT-based polymer hole transport materials for low voltage loss CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells [DOI]
108. 108 Zhang, 2023, Dopant-free polymer hole transport materials for highly stable and efficient CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells [DOI]
109. 109 Zhao, 2024, Flexible backbone-assisted green-solvent processable polymer hole transport material in perovskite solar cells [DOI]
110. 110 Fu, 2023, Tunable molecular packing of dopant-free hole-transport polymers for perovskite solar cells [DOI]
111. 111 Wang, 2015, Inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells employing polymer as the electron conductor [DOI]
112. 112 Guo, 2016, n-Type doping for efficient polymeric electron-transporting layers in perovskite solar cells [DOI]
113. 113 Guo, 2017, Effect of energy alignment, electron mobility, and film morphology of perylene diimide based polymers as electron transport layer on the performance of perovskite solar cells [DOI]
114. 114 Sun, 2016, Amino-functionalized conjugated polymer as an efficient electron transport layer for high-performance planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells [DOI]
115. 115 Hoang Huy, V.P., and Bark, C.-W. (2024). Polymer-doped SnO2 as an electron transport layer for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Polymers, 16. [DOI]
116. 116 Kranthiraja, 2024, Diketopyrrolopyrrole-dioxo-benzodithiophene-based multifunctional conjugated polymers for organic field-effect transistors and perovskite solar cells [DOI]
117. 117 Anrango-Camacho, C., Pavón-Ipiales, K., Frontana-Uribe, B.A., and Palma-Cando, A. (2022). Recent advances in hole-transporting layers for organic solar cells. Nanomaterials, 12. [DOI]
118. 118 Cai, 2016, Self-doped conjugated polyelectrolyte with tuneable work function for effective hole transport in polymer solar cells [DOI]
119. 119 Hamui, L., Sánchez-Vergara, M.E., Corona-Sánchez, R., Jiménez-Sandoval, O., and Álvarez-Toledano, C. (2020). Innovative incorporation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) as hole carrier transport layer and as anode for organic solar cells performance improvement. Polymers, 12. [DOI]
120. 120 Pietsch, 2013, The role of hole transport in hybrid inorganic/organic silicon/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) heterojunction solar cells [DOI]
121. 121 Li, 2015, An efficient hole transport material based on PEDOT dispersed with lignosulfonate: Preparation, characterization and performance in polymer solar cells [DOI]
122. 122 Xu, 2024, A polymer bilayer hole transporting layer architecture for high-efficiency and stable organic solar cells [DOI]
123. 123 Jiang, 2022, An alcohol-dispersed conducting polymer complex for fully printable organic solar cells with improved stability [DOI]
124. 124 Moon, 2018, Hole transport layer based on conjugated polyelectrolytes for polymer solar cells [DOI]
125. 125 Zhou, 2014, Conductive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte as Hole-Transporting Layer for Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells [DOI]
126. 126 Xu, 2017, Highly and homogeneously conductive conjugated polyelectrolyte hole transport layers for efficient organic solar cells [DOI]
127. 127 Liu, 2015, Enhanced efficiency of polymer solar cells by adding a high-mobility conjugated polymer [DOI]
128. 128 Al-Azzawi, A.G.S., Aziz, S.B., Dannoun, E.M.A., Iraqi, A., Nofal, M.M., Murad, A.R., and Hussein, A.M. (2023). A mini review on the development of conjugated polymers: Steps towards the commercialization of organic solar cells. Polymers, 15. [DOI]
129. 129 Tetreault, 2022, PTB7 and PTB7-Th as universal polymers to evaluate materials development aspects of organic solar cells including interfacial layers, new fullerenes, and non-fullerene electron acceptors [DOI]
130. 130 Ohori, 2015, Improvement of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on PTB7:PC61BM with small amounts of P3HT [DOI]
131. 131 Shaban, M., Benghanem, M., Almohammedi, A., and Rabia, M. (2021). Optimization of the active layer P3HT:PCBM for organic solar cell. Coatings, 11. [DOI]
132. 132 Tang, 2023, Incorporating a weak acceptor unit into PTB7-Th to tune the open circuit voltage for non-fullerene polymer solar cells [DOI]
133. 133 Ko, 2016, Photocurrent extraction efficiency near unity in a thick polymer bulk heterojunction [DOI]
134. 134 Lin, 2016, An hydrophilic anode interlayer for solution processed organohalide perovskite solar cells [DOI]
135. 135 Freitag, 2017, Dye-sensitized solar cells for efficient power generation under ambient lighting [DOI]
136. 136 Cao, 2018, Direct contact of selective charge extraction layers enables high-efficiency molecular photovoltaics [DOI]
137. 137 Venkatesan, 2022, Indoor dye-sensitized solar cells with efficiencies surpassing 26% using polymeric counter electrodes [DOI]
138. 138 Guo, 2021, Dopant-free polymer HTM-based CsPbI2Br solar cells with efficiency over 17% in sunlight and 34% in indoor light [DOI]
139. 139 Ding, 2019, All-polymer indoor photovoltaics with high open-circuit voltage [DOI]
140. 140 Jiang, 2015, Metal electrode–free perovskite solar cells with transfer-laminated conducting polymer electrode [DOI]
141. 141 Jiang, 2016, Efficient Colorful Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Top Polymer Electrode Simultaneously as Spectrally Selective Antireflection Coating [DOI]
142. 142 Jiang, 2020, Recent advances of synthesis, properties, film fabrication methods, modifications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and applications in solution-processed photovoltaics [DOI]
143. 143 Kim, 2015, Inverted layer-by-layer fabrication of an ultraflexible and transparent Ag nanowire/conductive polymer composite electrode for use in high-performance organic solar cells [DOI]
144. 144 Xu, 2022, Recent progress of electrode materials for flexible perovskite solar cells [DOI]
145. 145 Bu, 2015, Semitransparent fully air processed perovskite solar cells [DOI]
146. 146 Aivali, 2024, Conducting polymers: Towards printable transparent electrodes [DOI]
147. 147 Ponder, 2017, Conjugated polyelectrolytes as water processable precursors to aqueous compatible redox active polymers for diverse applications: Electrochromism, charge storage, and biocompatible organic electronics [DOI]
148. 148 Ke, 2023, Highly conductive and solution-processable n-doped transparent organic conductor [DOI]
149. 149 Chen, 2018, Ternary composites of Ni–polyaniline–graphene as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
150. 150 Wu, 2018, Impact of electrocatalytic activities of doping surfactants on polyaniline as Pt-free counter electrode in DSSCs [DOI]
151. 151 Lee, 2009, A high-performance counter electrode based on poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) for dye-sensitized solar cells [DOI]
152. 152 Duan, 2016, Effect of side chain length on the charge transport, morphology, and photovoltaic performance of conjugated polymers in bulk heterojunction solar cells [DOI]
153. 153 Chen, 2019, Fine-tuning the solid-state ordering and thermoelectric performance of regioregular P3HT analogues by sequential oxygen-substitution of carbon atoms along the alkyl side chains [DOI]
154. 154 Li, Y., Sha, M., and Huang, S. (2024). A review on transparent electrodes for flexible organic solar cells. Coatings, 14. [DOI]

Cited by 41

Showing 9 of 41 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

• Boranils: Versatile Multifunctional Organic Fluorophores for Innovative Applications — shares topic coverage
• Specific Bifunctionalization on the Surface of Phosphorus Dendrimers Syntheses and Properties — shares topic coverage
• Thienothiophene Scaffolds as Building Blocks for (Opto)Electronics — shares topic coverage
• Looking for a Safe Bridge: Synthesis of P3HT-Bridge-TBO Block-Copolymers and Their Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells — shares topic coverage
• Triple Benefits of Cardanol as Chain Stopper, Flame Retardant and Reactive Diluent for Greener Alkyd Coating — shares topic coverage