Awareness, Prevalence and Severity of Anaemia and Related Contributing Factors, among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the awareness, prevalence, severity, and contributing factors to anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. Research Methodology: The study included 420 pregnant women, and the sample size was determined using Fisher’s formula. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, awareness, knowledge, prevalence, and healthcare services. Haematological variables were measured using a Sysmex Kx-2IN Haematology autoanalyser. Statistical analysis involved mean, standard deviation, t-test, and presentation using tables. Results: The sociodemographic profile revealed varying frequencies and percentages across age, educational level, marital status, number of pregnancies, current gestation age, and trimester of antenatal care registration. The awareness and knowledge of anaemia showed variations in responses, with notable percentages aware of anaemia and its causes. The study revealed that 23.33% of participants had been diagnosed with anaemia during pregnancy, with a prevalence of 51.90% having Hb levels <11 g/dL. Mild anaemia was 46.79%, followed by moderate (50.00%) and severe (2.75%). Factors influencing anaemia prevalence included age, educational level, number of pregnancies, gestation age, awareness, knowledge, and supplement intake (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights substantial awareness gaps and a significant prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Southern Nigeria. Factors influencing anaemia include age, education, gestation age, awareness, and supplement intake. Interventions focusing on awareness campaigns, education, and targeted supplementation programs are crucial to mitigate the impact of anaemia during pregnancy in the region.