Ecotourism as a Driver of Socio-ecological Transformation in Chhattisgarh: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

With over 44% of its land covered by forests, Chhattisgarh stands as one of India's greenest states, offering significant ecotourism potential owing to its unique geological features, rich biodiversity, and vibrant tribal traditions. This paper examines the ecological and economic dimensions of ecotourism in the state, with a focus on key areas such as the Udanti-Sitanadi Tiger Reserve, Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary, and Kanger Valley National Park. Ecotourism in Chhattisgarh plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation, forest regeneration, and climate resilience by supporting habitat preservation, promoting geoheritage conservation, and enhancing carbon stock development. Initiatives like "Unexplored Bastar" foster sustainable livelihoods for local tribal communities by generating employment in guiding, hospitality, and craft-based microenterprises. Government support through infrastructure development, policy initiatives, and skill-building programs has further strengthened ecotourism’s impact. Despite facing challenges such as habitat degradation, human-wildlife conflict, and limited public awareness, ecotourism presents a viable model for sustainable development by aligning conservation efforts with inclusive socio-economic growth. The study highlights the importance of integrated management, policy support, and community engagement to ensure the long-term ecological and economic sustainability of ecotourism in Chhattisgarh.