Epidemiology of Late Blight of Potato, Its Progress and Apparent Rate of Infection

Abstract

Late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans is one of the most destructive diseases of potato world over. The devastation of the disease is very much related with climatic factors like temperature, relative humidity, fog or dew deposition and also sunshine hours. An experiment was conducted in Indo-Gangetic plains of West Bengal to know the effect of weather parameters on initiation and severity of the disease as well as progress and pattern of development of disease which will ultimately help to develop the effective spray schedule to manage the disease. From the experiment it is observed that 7 days prior to first appearance of late blight disease of potato the average maximum and minimum temperature varied between 24-26˚C and 7-8˚C respectively; average maximum and minimum relative humidity varied between 90-93% and 41-44% respectively; average sunshine hours per day varied between 6-8 hours. Correlation study of late blight disease severity with different weather parameters were also carried out. Maximum and minimum temperature as well as maximum and minimum relative humidity found to be positively correlated with late blight disease build up. While sunshine hour found to be negatively correlated with the disease build up. But only minimum temperature was significant at 0.01 level in all the planting dates and maximum temperature was significant at 0.01 level in two dates of planting. Apparent rate of infection of the disease and area under disease progress curve were calculated for different planting dates of potato. From the results it is evident that late blight of potato progressed almost in an exponential fashion starting from its first appearance. As the crop approached towards maturity and weather became unfavourable for the pathogen the rate of progress declined. This may be due to non-availability of healthy tissue.