Associated Factors of Low Birth Weight among Newborns at Hospitals in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight remains a major public health problem in every country in the world. It is a predictor of early neonatal mortality, morbidity and long-term health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low birth weight and to identify the associated factors in a hospital setting in Kisangani. Material and Methods: An unmatched case-control study was used including all live and full-term births was conducted from 1 December 2023 to 31 May 2024 in the maternity wards of Makiso-Kisangani General Referral Hospital, Mangobo General Referral Hospital, Tshopo General Referral Hospital and Alwaleed Health Centre. A sample of 646 newborns was selected: 86 cases (newborns weighing less than 2500 grams) and 560 controls (newborns weighing 2500 grams or more). Factors associated with prehypertension were identified using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 13.4%. Factors associated with low birth weight were maternal age less than 18 years, intergenital interval less than 2 years, maternal infection during pregnancy, high blood pressure, level of primary education and urban residential environment. Conclusion: This study shows that low birth weight remains a public health problem in Kisangani. In addition to shedding light on the other contributing variables and the connections between them, prospective national research would enable the development of preventative measures.