Prevalence of Schistosomiasis and Social Demographic Features among 5 to 16 Years School Aged Children in Shoreline Communities, Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern in various communities in Nigeria, contributing to morbidity and mortality. This research investigated schistosomiasis in vulnerable populations among school-children aged 5-16 years in shoreline communities, Rivers State. Using a cross-sectional survey, one hundred and sixty-nine (169) children were involved in the study. The phlebotomy approach was used in blood collection, and the Schistosoma species was determined through molecular methods using real-time PCR. The variables were subjected to descriptive analysis, and SPSS Statistical Package (version 23) was used to determine the relationship between the variables using chi-square. Of 169 children screened, 17% tested positive for schistosomiasis, with the highest prevalence in Omuwei-Iguruta (48%). Risk behaviours were prevalent: 36% washed in streams and rivers, and 58% indicated the presence of snails as recognised disease vectors. In addition, 90% had no health education, and 91% had never taken Praziquantel. Socioeconomic factors, including age (p = 0.016), gender (p = 0.003), level of parental education (p = 0.019), and proximity to healthcare (p = 0.009), were significantly associated with schistosomiasis. Risk behaviours, including lack of access to clean water (p < 0.001), open defecation (p = 0.042), swimming (p < 0.001), and washing in natural bodies of water (p < 0.001), were significantly associated. The findings underscore the need for targeted health education and enhanced mass drug administration to curb schistosomiasis transmission among children in endemic areas.