Effect of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) Leaf Meal Supplementation on the Growth Performance of Holdeo Calves

Abstract

Moringa oleifera, often referred to as the “miracle tree,” is gaining recognition as a valuable alternative feed ingredient because of its excellent nutritional composition. The leaf meal derived from Moringa (MLM) contains a high crude protein content (25–30%) along with essential amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and beneficial bioactive compounds, and it also offers moderate amounts of crude fibre and ether extract. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding Moringa leaf meal (MLM) on the growth performance of Holdeo calves. A total of calves were allotted into four treatment groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3) and fed a homemade concentrate mixture with graded levels of MLM. The proximate composition of feed and fodder was analysed to ensure balanced nutrient supply. Growth performance was assessed in terms of body weight, body length, belly girth, chest girth, height at wither, and dry matter intake over the experimental period. The data collected was classified and tabulated as per the objectives, and Complete randomised design methods were followed for analysing data. Results revealed that calves supplemented with MLM showed significantly higher average daily gain and better body measurements compared to the control group. Nutrient utilisation and feed conversion efficiency also improved with increasing levels of MLM. The inclusion of MLM in concentrate mixtures provided essential protein, minerals, and vitamins that contributed to enhanced growth. It was concluded that partial replacement of conventional protein sources with MLM is a viable strategy to improve calf growth performance. The study highlights MLM as a cost-effective, sustainable, and nutritionally rich alternative feed resource for Holdeo calves.