Avian Influenza Surveillance in Pigs, Dogs, Chickens and Slaughter Slabs Biosecurity in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Abstract

Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease likely to be exposed to dog, pig and poultry owners & their processors who are in close contact during processing of these animals in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. The study assessed the biosecurity practice of processors in pig, poultry, and dog slaughter slabs; and the prevalence of Avian Influenza (H5 subtype) antibodies in dogs, pigs, and chickens in Kaduna Metropolis. The slaughter slab biosecurity practices were evaluated using questionnaires while the H5 antibodies surveillance was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test. Serum samples from 45 dogs, 104 pigs and 75 chickens were tested for H5 subtype. H5 subtype antibodies prevalence in dogs was 2.2% with a mean titre of 9.0 ± 0 log2 while prevalence and mean titre in chicken were 6.7% and 8.5 ± 0.32 log2 respectively. All pig sera tested were negative for H5 subtype antibodies. The chicken H5 subtype prevalence in central market and railway station live bird markets were 4.3% and 13% respectively. H5 subtype antibodies were present in dogs and chickens in Kaduna metropolis. There is the need for targeted surveillance of avian influenza in dogs and pigs should be incorporated in the national avian influenza surveillance program.