Evaluating Soil Fertility and Nutrient Status in Vaishali District, Bihar: Influencing Factors and Sustainable Agricultural Implications

Abstract

Soil fertility and nutrient status play a vital role in sustaining agricultural productivity and ensuring food security, particularly in intensively cultivated regions like Vaishali District of Bihar, India. However, variability in soil nutrients influenced by environmental conditions, cropping practices, and management strategies necessitates systematic assessment to support sustainable soil management and improved crop production. The present study assessed soil fertility and nutrient status in Vaishali district of Bihar, to identify constraints affecting sustainable agriculture. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties and nutrient availability using standard methods. The soils were alkaline in reaction, with pH ranging from 8.00 to 8.69) and were non-saline in nature with EC value ranging from 0.18 to 0.89 dS m⁻¹. Organic carbon content ranged from 0.45 to 0.70%, indicating medium fertility status. Available nitrogen was low (174–218 kg ha⁻¹), whereas phosphorus (22–42 kg ha⁻¹) and potassium (191–272 kg ha⁻¹) were in the medium range. Sulphur (14–27 kg ha⁻¹) and micronutrients, including Zn, B, Fe, Mn, and Cu, were found to be generally sufficient. However, alkaline soil conditions may reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The results highlight nitrogen as the primary limiting nutrient and emphasize the need for integrated nutrient management to sustain soil fertility and agricultural productivity.