Dynamics of Dust Events in Riyadh: Analyzing the Impact of Precipitation from 2017 to 2018 and 2022 to 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between precipitation and dust events occurrences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during two distinct periods from 2017 to 2018 and 2022 to 2023. The primary objective is to analyze how variations in precipitation influence the frequency and intensity of dust events in Riyadh. Data were collected from the National Center for Meteorology (NCM), encompassing hourly records of dust events, precipitation, and wind (speed/direction). The study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data sources. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, focusing on regression analysis and correlation coefficients to identify significant relationships. Findings reveal a notable inverse correlation between precipitation and dust events occurrences. In 2018, Riyadh recorded a total rainfall of 92 mm, which coincided with 276 dust events. In contrast, in 2023, rainfall increased significantly to 147.1 mm, leading to a dramatic reduction in dust events to just 44 events. The study highlights that continuous rainfall during the wet season from October to May, especially in substantial amounts, facilitates soil cohesion and increases moisture levels, thereby reducing dust generation. These findings underscore the critical role of precipitation in mitigating dust events activity, emphasizing the necessity of effective water management and environmental strategies to combat dust-related issues. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the climatic factors influencing dust dynamics in urban environments, providing valuable insights for policymakers and environmental management strategies.