Facial Analysis of the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria for the Evaluation  of Sexual Dimorphism

Hakeem Babatunde Fewehinmi; Peter Done Okoh; Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe; Lekpa Kingdom David; Michael Anozie Amadi; Chile A. Oparaocha; Celestine Ebieto Ebieto; Khadija A. Bobbo; Nicholas Asiwe

doi:10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12961

Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Facial Analysis of the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria for the Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism

Hakeem Babatunde Fewehinmi, Peter Done Okoh, Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe, Lekpa Kingdom David, Michael Anozie Amadi, Chile A. Oparaocha, Celestine Ebieto Ebieto, Khadija A. Bobbo, Nicholas Asiwe

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health · pp. 67–75 · Published 20 Dec 2023

10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12961

Abstract

Background: Facial analysis defines the measurement of soft tissue in the face used in forensics, anthropology, artistic design, and facial reconstruction. The study aims to evaluate the sexual differences in facial parameters among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. Methods: 400 (200 males and 200 females) subjects of Igbo origin volunteered for the study. Each subject's frontal view photographs were taken in the Natural Head Position (NHP) and analyzed using Pro-Image Facial Software Version 2 to evaluate the nasal width, nasal height, mouth width, facial width, facial height, inner canthal distance, and outer canthal distance. Data obtained were analyzed with IBM SPSS (version 23) and independent T-test as an inferential statistic. Results: The result showed that NW was (M=5.16±0.65, F=5.34±0.53, t=-2.91, p=0.00), NH was (M=5.61±0.62, F=5.26±0.57, t=5.92, p=0.00), MW was (M=6.64±0.7, F=6.54±0.71, t=1.46, p=0.14), FW was (M=16.17±1.31, F=15.07±2.04, t=6.39, p=0.00), FH was (M=16.63±1.11, F=16.08±1.31, t=4.36, p=0.00), En was (M=4.62±0.46, F=4.31±0.47, t=6.75, p=0.00) and Ex was (M=12.23±0.86, F=12.16±1.01, t=0.82, p=0.41). Conclusion: The nasal width and Height, facial width and height, and inner canthal distance show gender differences among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. This study will have a practical application in Forensics, Anthropology, Artistic and Industrial design, and to medical professionals involved in facial reconstruction.

Facial analysis soft tissue forensics anthropology Igbo Nigeria

References (17)

1 CBCT in orthodontics: assessment of treatment outcomes and indications for its use [DOI]
2 Climate change and agriculture: The competition for limited resources amidst crop farmers-livestock herding conflict in Nigeria - A review [DOI]
3 Anthropometric nasal analysis of Han Chinese young adults [DOI]
4 Ethnic Identity, Political Integration, and National Development: the Igbo Diaspora in Nigeria [DOI]
5 Nasal indices among major ethnic groups in southern Nigeria [DOI]
6 Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of the Kosovo Albanian Population
7 Anthropometric Studies of Inner Canthal Distance, Outer Canthal Distance and Canthal Index of Adult Ibibios
8 A Software Tool for Facial Analysis
9 Measurements of Head Circumference, Intercanthal Distances, Canthal Index and Circumference Interorbital Index of Ikwerre School Children in Nigeria
10 Comparative Evaluation of Nasal Index and its Role in Sexual Dimorphism in Central Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study [DOI]
11 Anthropometric Study of the Nasal Index of Adult Native of Ikwerre of Rivers State, Nigeria. [DOI]
12 The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria [DOI]
13 Facial index among Igbo children and adolescents in Enugu [DOI]
14 Anthropometric study of canthal and circumference interorbital indices among young Urhobo adults in South-South Nigeria [DOI]
15 Sexual dimorphism of nasal index, nasal breadth and nasal height among young Kashmiri population [DOI]
16 Anthropometric Study of Canthal Distances and Mouth Width Among Adults of Kalabari [DOI]
17 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH [DOI]

Cited by 1

Correlation of Craniofacial Parameters with Age Among Different Clans of Ebonyi State

John Chukwuebuka Abraham, A. Eteudo, Vincent Uchenna Uche · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology · 2026

First Trimester Fasting Blood Glucose as a Screening Tool for Diabetes Mellitus in a Teaching Hospital Setting in Nigeria — shares topic coverage
The Nature and Complications of Acute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in a University Hospital in Nigeria — shares topic coverage
Musculoskeletal Complications of Sickle Cell Anaemia and Their Management Approaches in Makurdi, Nigeria — shares topic coverage
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Radiologists in Nigeria — shares topic coverage
The Skills of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Some Professional and Student Teachers Compared — shares topic coverage

Access this article

View at publisher

Cite this article

Hakeem Babatunde Fewehinmi, Peter Done Okoh, Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe, Lekpa Kingdom David, Michael Anozie Amadi, Chile A. Oparaocha, Celestine Ebieto Ebieto, Khadija A. Bobbo, Nicholas Asiwe (2023). Facial Analysis of the Igbo Ethnic Group of Nigeria for the Evaluation of Sexual Dimorphism. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health , 67–75. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2023/v21i12961

Affiliations

Hakeem Babatunde Fewehinmi — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Peter Done Okoh — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Lekpa Kingdom David — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Michael Anozie Amadi — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Pamo University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Chile A. Oparaocha — Department of Fine Arts and Design, Faculty of Humanities, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Celestine Ebieto Ebieto — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Pamo University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Khadija A. Bobbo — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria.
Nicholas Asiwe — Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Metrics

0
Views: 0
Downloads: 1
Citations: 0
Outbound

Full metrics

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

0

Page views

0

PDF downloads

0

Outbound clicks

1

Citations

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

No views recorded yet.

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

No traffic recorded yet.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.