Recent Updates in the Management of HIV Infection

Abstract

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a lethal disease caused by the dreaded pathogen, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Fortunately, antiretroviral therapy (ART) distinctly reduces plasma viral load from the blood and thus mitigates HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Further, ART also markedly reduces the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners and infants. Consequently, antiretroviral therapy has converted HIV infection into a manageable chronic condition, with the expectation of life approaching that for people without HIV. However, lack of adherence to treatment results in the development of drug resistance as well as quickens disease development. Therefore, conditions that encourage adherence should be maximized before and after the commencement of antiretroviral therapy. Adverse effects, drug abuse, depression, socioeconomic status, low level of literacy, less social support, and interruptible access to medications are some of the reasons for poor adherence. Frequent monitoring, adequate counselling, and proper social protection help to improve treatment adherence.