Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Protects Cells from Clostridium difficile Toxins
Eden Ephraim, Ronald D. Schultz, Nasia Safdar
Microbiology Research Journal International · pp. 165–175 · Published 19 Mar 2013
10.9734/BMRJ/2013/3068Abstract
Aims: To determine the anti-cytotoxic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against extracellular and intracellular Clostridium difficile toxins. Study Design: Co-culture system. Place and Duration of Study: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, between April 2010 and August 2011. Methodology: In this study, we investigated the effects of a probiotic LGG (Culturelle®) against a toxigenic C. difficile strain (ATCC 9689) and a non-toxigenic C. difficile strain (ATCC 700057) in a co-culture system. Co-cultures were prepared with 3 ml of 1:10, 1:100 or 1:1000 dilution of an overnight culture of LGG and 2 ml of 1:100 dilution of either the toxigenic or the non-toxigenic strain. Cytotoxic effects of cell-free culture supernatants (CFS) and cell lysates of the toxigenic strain on Vero cells were evaluated after co-culturing. The relative abundance of toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB) genes in 72 h co-cultures were determined using real time PCR. Results: In co-cultures with 1:10 or 1:100 dilution of LGG, counts of the toxigenic C. difficile strain were about one log unit lower than control pure cultures after incubation for 48 h. In all co-cultures, counts of the non-toxigenic strain were two log units lower than those of controls. Accordingly, LGG resulted in a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the relative abundance of TcdA and TcdB in target DNA prepared from co-cultures containing the 1:10 or the 1:100 dilution of the probiotic. Co-culturing the toxigenic strain with the probiotic (1:10 and 1:100) decreased (P < 0.05) the cytotoxic effect of both extracellular and intracellular clostridial toxins resulting in up to 30% increase in cell viability. Conclusion: LGG inhibits the growth of C. difficile in a dose-dependent manner and protects cells from C. difficile induced cytotoxicity.
Cited by 7
Moloko G. Mathipa-Mdakane, M. Thantsha · Foods · 2022
Anastasia Mantziari, S. Salminen, H. Szajewska · Microorganisms · 2020
Seong-Min Kim, Han-Gyu Park, Won-Suk Song · 2020
Panya Dowdell, S. Chankhamhaengdecha, W. Panbangred · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · 2019
Maryam Koopayee, H. Saderi, Mahmood Amin Marashi · 2018
M. Ratsep · 2014
A.Y. Tamime, M. Saarela, M. Wszolek · Probiotic Dairy Products · 2017
Related research
- Evaluation of the Effects of Pediococcus acidilactici Isolated from Wara, a Nigerian Milk Product, in the Prevention of Diarrhea and the Modulation of Intestinal Microflora in Wistar Rats — shares topic coverage
- Factors Affecting the Use of Probiotics during Antibiotic Therapy — shares topic coverage
- Lipolytic Lactobacillus Species from Camel Milk — shares topic coverage
- Improvement of Health by Probiotics: The Roles on Human Gut and Immune Modulation — shares topic coverage
- Effect of Bacteriocinogenic Pediococcus pentosaceus IO1 Strain and Its Bacteriocin on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Albino Rat — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
0
Page views
0
PDF downloads
0
Outbound clicks
7
Citations
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
No views recorded yet.
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
No traffic recorded yet.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.