Ichthyofaunal Diversity in the Riverine Ecosystems of Meghalaya, Northeast India

Abstract

The present study focused on evaluating the species richness, distribution, conservation status, and economic value of fish in these Umiam River, Umngot River, and Kynshi rivers based on a field survey of six months duration between October 2024 and March 2025. Using a combination of traditional and modern fishing techniques, a total of 67 fish species were recorded, spanning 45 genera, 22 families, and 8 taxonomic orders. Among these, the order Cypriniformes was the most species-rich, with the family Cyprinidae alone accounting for over half of all identified species. The Umngot river, with its clear water and minimal anthropogenic disturbance, had the maximum species diversity, while the Kynshi river showed lower diversity, which could be related to mining-induced pollution. A total of 67 species belonging to 45 genera and 22 families were recorded. Notably, over 10% of species were found to be under various IUCN threat categories. Interestingly, a number of high-value ornamental species were reported, which is an indication of both the natural richness and economic value of the region's ichthyofauna. The research emphasizes the twofold importance of freshwater fish as indicators of ecosystem health and as important livelihood resources. It recommends an integrated conservation strategy that involves community participation, responsible fishing practices, and the protection of natural habitats to ensure the continued health of fish populations and their surrounding ecosystems.