Geomorphological Characteristics of a Hydrographic Basin using RS and GIS on the Example of the Venna River (Maharashtra, India)

Abstract

Assessing the impact of geomorphological processes on a catchment's hydrology necessitates a quantitative analysis of its geometry. This can be effectively achieved using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS), which have become increasingly popular for supporting strategists and decision-makers in making precise and efficient plans and decisions. A morphometric analysis of the Venna River basin was conducted using RS and geographic information systems GIS. This study aims to assist local communities in effectively utilizing land and water resources for the sustainable development of the basin area. The drainage network was developed by digitizing Survey of India (SOI) toposheets. The Venna River basin, covering an area of 318.96 km², exhibits a dendritic drainage pattern with a 5thorder river system dominated by lower-order streams. A mean bifurcation ratio of 6.02 indicates undulating topography with structural influences on drainage. The basin's elongated shape is reflected in its circulatory ratio (0.3) and elongation ratio (0.38), while a form factor of 0.12 suggests low peak flows over extended durations. Low drainage density value of 0.6, indicates that basin has high permeability, slow surface runoff and value of constant of channel maintenance of 1.66 indicates basin has moderate slopes and effective infiltration. The relief ranges from 619 m to 1380 m, with a relief ratio of 0.015, indicating less resistant rock types. A ruggedness number of 0.46 suggests moderately rough terrain, allowing for some erosion potential while highlighting the basin's capacity for water retention, infiltration and sustainable resource management. The areal parameters, such as the form factor, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio and drainage density, suggest elongated basin geometry with high drainage intensity, implying slower runoff and moderate potential for groundwater recharge. The results of this study are valuable for effective watershed management, erosion control, and informed decision-making in land use planning and engineering projects.